Hypogammaglobulinaemia in female patients with multiple sclerosis.

Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Chronic disease of the brain and spinal cord damaging the myelin sheath and disrupting nerve signals. Gender gap: Women are twice as likely to live with MS as males with ratios increasing worldwide. Disease modifying therapies (DMTs): Core to MS management, targeting immune pathways to reduce activity and slow progression. Anti-CDso monoclonal antibodies" Highly effective DMTs that module B-cell-mediated immune responses. Key concern: Potential link between anti-CD20 therapy and reduced immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Hypogammaglobulinaemia: Low IgG reported in ~8–26% of MS patients on anti-CD20 treatment. Ongoing challenge: Understanding the patterns, frequency, and clinical consequences is vital for patient safety and treatment optimisation.