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dc.contributor.authorStanaway J.D.en
dc.contributor.authorLi Y.en
dc.contributor.authorLiang X.en
dc.contributor.authorLiben M.L.en
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dc.contributor.authorMemish Z.A.en
dc.contributor.authorMendoza W.en
dc.contributor.authorMensah G.A.en
dc.contributor.authorWijeratne T.en
dc.contributor.authorMiller T.R.en
dc.contributor.authorMohamed Ibrahim N.en
dc.contributor.authorMohammadi A.en
dc.contributor.authorMoradi-Lakeh M.en
dc.contributor.authorVelasquez I.M.en
dc.contributor.authorMusa K.I.en
dc.contributor.authorNgunjiri J.W.en
dc.contributor.authorNingrum D.N.A.en
dc.contributor.authorNorrving B.en
dc.contributor.authorStein D.J.en
dc.contributor.authorNoubiap J.J.N.en
dc.contributor.authorOgbo F.A.en
dc.contributor.authorRenzaho A.M.N.en
dc.contributor.authorOwolabi M.O.en
dc.contributor.authorPandian J.D.en
dc.contributor.authorParmar P.G.en
dc.contributor.authorPereira D.M.en
dc.contributor.authorPetzold M.en
dc.contributor.authorPhillips M.R.en
dc.contributor.authorPoulton R.G.en
dc.contributor.authorPourmalek F.en
dc.contributor.authorQorbani M.en
dc.contributor.authorRafay A.en
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dc.contributor.authorRubagotti E.en
dc.contributor.authorSachdev P.en
dc.contributor.authorSafiri S.en
dc.contributor.authorSahathevan R.en
dc.contributor.authorSamy A.M.en
dc.contributor.authorSantalucia P.en
dc.contributor.authorSartorius B.en
dc.contributor.authorSatpathy M.en
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dc.contributor.authorSaylan M.I.en
dc.contributor.authorShaikh M.A.en
dc.contributor.authorShamsizadeh M.en
dc.contributor.authorSheth K.N.en
dc.contributor.authorShigematsu M.en
dc.contributor.authorSilva D.A.S.en
dc.contributor.authorSobngwi E.en
dc.contributor.authorSposato L.A.en
dc.contributor.authorStovner L.J.en
dc.contributor.authorAbdulkader R.S.en
dc.contributor.authorTanne D.en
dc.contributor.authorTopor-Madry R.en
dc.contributor.authorTruelsen T.en
dc.contributor.authorUkwaja K.N.en
dc.contributor.authorUthman O.A.en
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dc.contributor.authorYano Y.en
dc.contributor.authorYimam H.H.en
dc.contributor.authorYonemoto N.en
dc.contributor.authorYu C.en
dc.contributor.authorZaidi Z.en
dc.contributor.authorZaki M.E.en
dc.contributor.authorThrift A.G.en
dc.contributor.authorFeigin V.L.en
dc.contributor.authorKrishnamurthi R.V.en
dc.contributor.authorTheadom A.M.en
dc.contributor.authorAbajobir A.A.en
dc.contributor.authorMishra S.R.en
dc.contributor.authorAhmed M.B.en
dc.contributor.authorAbate K.H.en
dc.contributor.authorMengistie M.A.en
dc.contributor.authorWakayo T.en
dc.contributor.authorAbd-Allah F.en
dc.contributor.authorAbdulle A.M.en
dc.contributor.authorAbera S.F.en
dc.contributor.authorMohammed K.E.en
dc.contributor.authorAbyu G.Y.en
dc.contributor.authorAsgedom S.W.en
dc.contributor.authorAtey T.M.en
dc.contributor.authorBetsu B.D.en
dc.contributor.authorMezgebe H.B.en
dc.contributor.authorTuem K.B.en
dc.contributor.authorWoldu M.A.en
dc.contributor.authorAichour A.N.en
dc.contributor.authorAichour I.en
dc.contributor.authorAichour M.T.en
dc.contributor.authorAkinyemi R.O.en
dc.contributor.authorAlabed S.en
dc.contributor.authorAl-Raddadi R.en
dc.contributor.authorAlvis-Guzman N.en
dc.contributor.authorAmare A.T.en
dc.contributor.authorAnsari H.en
dc.contributor.authorAnwari P.en
dc.contributor.authorArnlov J.en
dc.contributor.authorFereshtehnejad S.en
dc.contributor.authorWeiderpass E.en
dc.contributor.authorHavmoeller R.en
dc.contributor.authorAsayesh H.en
dc.contributor.authorAvila-Burgos L.en
dc.contributor.authorAvokpaho E.F.G.A.en
dc.contributor.authorAfrique L.E.R.A.S.en
dc.contributor.authorAzarpazhooh M.R.en
dc.contributor.authorBarac A.en
dc.contributor.authorBarboza M.en
dc.contributor.authorBarker-Collo S.L.en
dc.contributor.authorBarnighausen T.en
dc.contributor.authorFarvid M.S.en
dc.contributor.authorMohammed S.en
dc.contributor.authorBedi N.en
dc.contributor.authorBeghi E.en
dc.contributor.authorGiussani G.en
dc.contributor.authorBennett D.A.en
dc.contributor.authorHay S.I.en
dc.contributor.authorGoulart A.C.en
dc.contributor.authorSantos I.S.en
dc.contributor.authorBensenor I.M.en
dc.contributor.authorLotufo P.A.en
dc.contributor.authorBerhane A.en
dc.contributor.authorJeemon P.en
dc.contributor.authorBhaumik S.en
dc.contributor.authorDandona L.en
dc.contributor.authorDandona R.en
dc.contributor.authorKumar G.A.en
dc.contributor.authorBirlik S.M.en
dc.contributor.authorBiryukov S.en
dc.contributor.authorCasey D.en
dc.contributor.authorForeman K.J.en
dc.contributor.authorGoldberg E.M.en
dc.contributor.authorKhalil I.A.en
dc.contributor.authorKyu H.H.en
dc.contributor.authorManhertz T.en
dc.contributor.authorMokdad A.H.en
dc.contributor.authorNaghavi M.en
dc.contributor.authorNguyen G.en
dc.contributor.authorNichols E.en
dc.contributor.authorSmith M.en
dc.contributor.authorMurray C.J.L.en
dc.contributor.authorRoth G.A.en
dc.contributor.authorVos T.en
dc.contributor.authorEllenbogen R.G.en
dc.contributor.authorJakovljevic M.en
dc.contributor.authorTirschwell D.L.en
dc.contributor.authorZunt J.R.en
dc.contributor.authorBoneya D.J.en
dc.contributor.authorHambisa M.en
dc.contributor.authorBulto L.N.B.en
dc.contributor.authorCarabin H.en
dc.contributor.authorCastaneda-Orjuela C.A.en
dc.contributor.authorCatala-Lopez F.en
dc.contributor.authorTabares-Seisdedos R.en
dc.contributor.authorChen H.en
dc.contributor.authorChitheer A.A.en
dc.contributor.authorChowdhury R.en
dc.contributor.authorChristensen H.en
dc.contributor.authorDeveber G.A.en
dc.contributor.authorDharmaratne S.D.en
dc.contributor.authorDo H.P.en
dc.contributor.authorNguyen C.T.en
dc.contributor.authorNguyen Q.L.en
dc.contributor.authorNguyen T.H.en
dc.contributor.authorNong V.M.en
dc.contributor.authorDokova K.en
dc.contributor.authorDorsey E.R.en
dc.contributor.authorEskandarieh S.en
dc.contributor.authorFischer F.en
dc.contributor.authorMajeed A.en
dc.contributor.authorSteiner T.J.en
dc.contributor.authorRawaf S.en
dc.contributor.authorShakir R.en
dc.contributor.authorShoman H.en
dc.contributor.authorGeleijnse J.M.en
dc.contributor.authorGillum R.F.en
dc.contributor.authorGona P.N.en
dc.contributor.authorGugnani H.C.en
dc.contributor.authorGupta R.en
dc.contributor.authorHachinski V.en
dc.contributor.authorHamadeh R.R.en
dc.contributor.authorHankey G.J.en
dc.contributor.authorHareri H.A.en
dc.contributor.authorHeydarpour P.en
dc.contributor.authorSahraian M.A.en
dc.contributor.authorKasaeian A.en
dc.contributor.authorMalekzadeh R.en
dc.contributor.authorRoshandel G.en
dc.contributor.authorSepanlou S.G.en
dc.contributor.authorHotez P.J.en
dc.contributor.authorJavanbakht M.en
dc.contributor.authorJonas J.B.en
dc.contributor.authorKalkonde Y.en
dc.contributor.authorKandel A.en
dc.contributor.authorKarch A.en
dc.contributor.authorKastor A.en
dc.contributor.authorRahman M.en
dc.contributor.authorKeiyoro P.N.en
dc.contributor.authorKhader Y.S.en
dc.contributor.authorKhan E.A.en
dc.contributor.authorKhang Y.en
dc.contributor.authorKhoja A.T.A.en
dc.contributor.authorTran B.X.en
dc.contributor.authorKhubchandani J.en
dc.contributor.authorKim D.en
dc.contributor.authorKim Y.J.en
dc.contributor.authorKivimaki M.en
dc.contributor.authorKokubo Y.en
dc.contributor.authorKosen S.en
dc.contributor.authorKravchenko M.en
dc.contributor.authorPiradov M.A.en
dc.contributor.authorVarakin Y.Y.en
dc.contributor.authorDefo B.K.en
dc.contributor.authorKulkarni C.en
dc.contributor.authorKumar R.en
dc.contributor.authorLarsson A.en
dc.contributor.authorLavados P.M.en
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-14T13:03:07Zen
dc.date.available2021-05-14T13:03:07Zen
dc.date.copyright2017en
dc.date.created20171025en
dc.date.issued2017-10-25-
dc.date.issued2017-10-25en
dc.identifier.citationThe Lancet Neurology. 16 (11) (pp 877-897), 2017. Date of Publication: 01 Nov 2017.en
dc.identifier.issn1474-4422en
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/38282en
dc.description.abstractBackground Comparable data on the global and country-specific burden of neurological disorders and their trends are crucial for health-care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study provides such information but does not routinely aggregate results that are of interest to clinicians specialising in neurological conditions. In this systematic analysis, we quantified the global disease burden due to neurological disorders in 2015 and its relationship with country development level. Methods We estimated global and country-specific prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) for various neurological disorders that in the GBD classification have been previously spread across multiple disease groupings. The more inclusive grouping of neurological disorders included stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, tetanus, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, migraine, tension-type headache, medication overuse headache, brain and nervous system cancers, and a residual category of other neurological disorders. We also analysed results based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility, to identify patterns associated with development and how countries fare against expected outcomes relative to their level of development. Findings Neurological disorders ranked as the leading cause group of DALYs in 2015 (250.7 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 229.1 to 274.7] million, comprising 10.2% of global DALYs) and the second-leading cause group of deaths (9.4 [9.1 to 9.7] million], comprising 16.8% of global deaths). The most prevalent neurological disorders were tension-type headache (1505.9 [UI 1337.3 to 1681.6 million cases]), migraine (958.8 [872.1 to 1055.6] million), medication overuse headache (58.5 [50.8 to 67.4 million]), and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (46.0 [40.2 to 52.7 million]). Between 1990 and 2015, the number of deaths from neurological disorders increased by 36.7%, and the number of DALYs by 7.4%. These increases occurred despite decreases in age-standardised rates of death and DALYs of 26.1% and 29.7%, respectively; stroke and communicable neurological disorders were responsible for most of these decreases. Communicable neurological disorders were the largest cause of DALYs in countries with low SDI. Stroke rates were highest at middle levels of SDI and lowest at the highest SDI. Most of the changes in DALY rates of neurological disorders with development were driven by changes in YLLs. Interpretation Neurological disorders are an important cause of disability and death worldwide. Globally, the burden of neurological disorders has increased substantially over the past 25 years because of expanding population numbers and ageing, despite substantial decreases in mortality rates from stroke and communicable neurological disorders. The number of patients who will need care by clinicians with expertise in neurological conditions will continue to grow in coming decades. Policy makers and health-care providers should be aware of these trends to provide adequate services. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC-BY 4.0 licenseen
dc.languageenen
dc.languageEnglishen
dc.publisherLancet Publishing Group (E-mail: cususerv@lancet.com)en
dc.relation.ispartofThe Lancet Neurologyen
dc.titleGlobal, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.en
dc.typeArticleen
dc.identifier.doihttp://monash.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422%2817%2930299-5en
dc.publisher.placeUnited Kingdomen
dc.identifier.pubmedid28931491 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=28931491]en
dc.identifier.source618346549en
dc.identifier.institution(Feigin, Krishnamurthi, Theadom) National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Abajobir, Mishra) School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Ahmed, Abate, Mengistie, Wakayo) Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Abd-Allah) Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (Abdulle) New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Abera, Mohammed) School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Abyu, Asgedom, Atey, Betsu, Mezgebe, Tuem, Woldu) School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Abera) Food Security and Institute for Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany (Aichour) University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria (Aichour) National Institute of Nursing Education, Setif, Algeria (Aichour) High National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria (Akinyemi) University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Akinyemi) Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (Alabed) University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (Al-Raddadi) Joint Program of Family and Community Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Alvis-Guzman) Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia (Amare) School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (Amare) College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Ansari) Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Anwari) KabulAfghanistan (Arnlov, Fereshtehnejad, Weiderpass, Havmoeller) Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Arnlov) School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden (Asayesh) Department of Medical Emergency, School of Paramedic, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Avila-Burgos) National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Avokpaho) Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin, Cotonou, Benin (Avokpaho, Afrique) Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche-Action en Sante, Parakou, Benin (Azarpazhooh) Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Barac) Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Barboza) Hospital Dr Rafael A Calderon Guardia, CCSS, San Jose, Costa Rica (Barboza) Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica (Barker-Collo) School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (Barnighausen, Farvid) Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Barnighausen) Africa Health Research Institute, Mtubatuba, South Africa (Barnighausen, Mohammed) Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Bedi) College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia (Beghi, Giussani) IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (Bennett, Hay) Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Goulart, Santos, Bensenor, Lotufo) Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research Center, Hospital Universitario, Internal Medicine Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Berhane) College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Jeemon, Bhaumik, Dandona, Dandona, Kumar) Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India (Birlik) GBS-CIDP International Foundation, Menemen, Turkey (Hay, Dandona, Dandona, Biryukov, Casey, Foreman, Goldberg, Khalil, Kyu, Manhertz, Mokdad, Naghavi, Nguyen, Nichols, Smith, Murray, Roth, Stanaway, Vos, Ellenbogen, Jakovljevic, Tirschwell, Zunt) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Harborview/UW Medicine, Center for Health Trends and Forecasts, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Boneya) Department of Public Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia (Hambisa, Bulto) College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (Carabin) Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States (Castaneda-Orjuela) Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia (Castaneda-Orjuela) Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, Public Health Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (Catala-Lopez, Tabares-Seisdedos) Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain (Catala-Lopez) Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (Chen) Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States (Chitheer) Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq (Chowdhury) Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Christensen) Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (Deveber) The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Dharmaratne) Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (Do, Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen, Nong) Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (Dokova) Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria (Dorsey) University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States (Eskandarieh) Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Farvid) Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States (Fischer) School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany (Foreman, Majeed, Steiner, Rawaf, Shakir, Shoman) Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (Geleijnse) Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (Gillum) Howard University, Washington, DC, United States (Gona) University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States (Goulart) Center of Check of Hospital Sirio Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Gugnani) Departments of Microbiology and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, Anguilla (Gupta) West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, WV, United States (Gupta) Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India (Hachinski) Western University, London, ON, Canada (Hamadeh) Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain (Hankey) School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia (Hankey) Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia (Hankey) Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia (Woldu, Hareri) Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Heydarpour, Sahraian, Kasaeian, Malekzadeh, Roshandel, Sepanlou) Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Hotez) College of Medicine, Baylor University, Houston, TX, United States (Jakovljevic) Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (Javanbakht) University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom (Jeemon) Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India (Jonas) Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Kalkonde) Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India (Kandel) University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States (Karch) Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany (Karch) Hannover-Braunschweig Site, German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany (Kastor, Rahman) International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India (Keiyoro) Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya (Keiyoro) School of Continuing and Distance Education, Nairobi, Kenya (Khader) Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (Khan) Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan (Khang) Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Khang) Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (Khoja) Department of Public Health and Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Mohammed Ibn Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Khoja, Tran) Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States (Khubchandani) Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States (Kim) Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States (Kim) School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia Campus, Sepang, Malaysia (Kivimaki) Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Kivimaki) Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (Kokubo) Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (Kosen) Center for Community Empowerment, Health Policy and Humanities, National Institute of Health Research & Development, Jakarta, Indonesia (Kravchenko, Piradov, Varakin) Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation (Defo, Kulkarni) Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health Rajrajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India (Defo) Department of Demography and Public Health Research Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada (Kumar) King George Medical University, Lucknow, India (Larsson) Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (Lavados) Servicio de Neurologia, Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (Li) San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States (Liang) Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (Liben) Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia (Lo) Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States (Lo) Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States (Logroscino) University of Bari, Bari, Italy (Loy) The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Mackay) Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Mackay, Meretoja, Szoeke) Department of Medicine, Institute of Health and Ageing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Abd El Razek) Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt (Abd El Razek) Aswan University Hospital, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt (Mantovani) University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Massano) Hospital Pedro Hispano/ULS Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal (Massano) Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Mazidi) Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (McAlinden) University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom (McAlinden) Public Health Wales, Swansea, United Kingdom (Mehata) Ipas Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal (Mehndiratta) Janakpuri Superspecialty Hospital, New Delhi, India (Memish) Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Memish) College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Mendoza) United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru (Mensah) Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States (Meretoja, Szoeke, Wijeratne) Department of Medicine, Institute of Health and Ageing, University of Melbourne, Footscray, VIC, Australia (Meretoja) Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (Miller) Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, 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London, ON, Canada (Stein) South African Medical Research Council Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa (Steiner, Stovner) Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (Stovner) Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (Abdulkader) Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Tanne) Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (Tanne) Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Thrift) Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Topor-Madry) Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (Topor-Madry) Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Tran) Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam (Truelsen) Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Ukwaja) 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crisitem.author.deptInfection Prevention and Epidemiology-
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