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dc.contributor.authorFarag E.en
dc.contributor.authorDe Ledinghen V.en
dc.contributor.authorDore G.J.en
dc.contributor.authorPapatheodoridis G.en
dc.contributor.authorPasini K.en
dc.contributor.authorPeltekian K.M.en
dc.contributor.authorPhillips R.O.en
dc.contributor.authorPimenov N.en
dc.contributor.authorPoustchi H.en
dc.contributor.authorPrabdial-Sing N.en
dc.contributor.authorQureshi H.en
dc.contributor.authorRamji A.en
dc.contributor.authorRazavi-Shearer D.en
dc.contributor.authorRazavi-Shearer K.en
dc.contributor.authorRedae B.en
dc.contributor.authorReesink H.W.en
dc.contributor.authorRidruejo E.en
dc.contributor.authorRobbins S.en
dc.contributor.authorRoberts L.R.en
dc.contributor.authorRoberts S.K.en
dc.contributor.authorRosenberg W.M.en
dc.contributor.authorRoudot-Thoraval F.en
dc.contributor.authorRyder S.D.en
dc.contributor.authorSafadi R.en
dc.contributor.authorSagalova O.en
dc.contributor.authorSalupere R.en
dc.contributor.authorSanai F.M.en
dc.contributor.authorSanchez Avila J.F.en
dc.contributor.authorSaraswat V.en
dc.contributor.authorSarmento-Castro R.en
dc.contributor.authorSarrazin C.en
dc.contributor.authorSchmelzer J.D.en
dc.contributor.authorSchreter I.en
dc.contributor.authorSeguin-Devaux C.en
dc.contributor.authorShah S.R.en
dc.contributor.authorSharara A.I.en
dc.contributor.authorSharma M.en
dc.contributor.authorShevaldin A.en
dc.contributor.authorShiha G.E.en
dc.contributor.authorSonderup M.en
dc.contributor.authorSouliotis K.en
dc.contributor.authorSpeiciene D.en
dc.contributor.authorSperl J.en
dc.contributor.authorStarkel P.en
dc.contributor.authorStauber R.E.en
dc.contributor.authorStedman C.en
dc.contributor.authorStruck D.en
dc.contributor.authorSu T.-H.en
dc.contributor.authorSypsa V.en
dc.contributor.authorTan S.-S.en
dc.contributor.authorTanaka J.en
dc.contributor.authorThompson A.J.en
dc.contributor.authorTolmane I.en
dc.contributor.authorTomasiewicz K.en
dc.contributor.authorValantinas J.en
dc.contributor.authorVan Damme P.en
dc.contributor.authorVan Der Meer A.J.en
dc.contributor.authorVan Thiel I.en
dc.contributor.authorVan Vlierberghe H.en
dc.contributor.authorVince A.en
dc.contributor.authorVogel W.en
dc.contributor.authorWedemeyer H.en
dc.contributor.authorWeis N.en
dc.contributor.authorWong V.W.S.en
dc.contributor.authorYaghi C.en
dc.contributor.authorYosry A.en
dc.contributor.authorYuen M.-F.en
dc.contributor.authorYunihastuti E.en
dc.contributor.authorYusuf A.en
dc.contributor.authorZuckerman E.en
dc.contributor.authorRazavi H.en
dc.contributor.authorSievert W.en
dc.contributor.authorBlach S.en
dc.contributor.authorZeuzem S.en
dc.contributor.authorManns M.en
dc.contributor.authorAltraif I.en
dc.contributor.authorDuberg A.-S.en
dc.contributor.authorMuljono D.H.en
dc.contributor.authorWaked I.en
dc.contributor.authorAlavian S.M.en
dc.contributor.authorLee M.-H.en
dc.contributor.authorNegro F.en
dc.contributor.authorAbaalkhail F.en
dc.contributor.authorAbdou A.en
dc.contributor.authorAbdulla M.en
dc.contributor.authorAbou Rached A.en
dc.contributor.authorAho I.en
dc.contributor.authorAkarca U.en
dc.contributor.authorAl Ghazzawi I.en
dc.contributor.authorAl Kaabi S.en
dc.contributor.authorAl Lawati F.en
dc.contributor.authorAl Namaani K.en
dc.contributor.authorAl Serkal Y.en
dc.contributor.authorAl-Busafi S.A.en
dc.contributor.authorAl-Dabal L.en
dc.contributor.authorAleman S.en
dc.contributor.authorAlghamdi A.S.en
dc.contributor.authorAljumah A.A.en
dc.contributor.authorAl-Romaihi H.E.en
dc.contributor.authorAndersson M.I.en
dc.contributor.authorArendt V.en
dc.contributor.authorArkkila P.en
dc.contributor.authorAssiri A.M.en
dc.contributor.authorBaatarkhuu O.en
dc.contributor.authorBane A.en
dc.contributor.authorBen-Ari Z.en
dc.contributor.authorBergin C.en
dc.contributor.authorBessone F.en
dc.contributor.authorBihl F.en
dc.contributor.authorBizri A.R.en
dc.contributor.authorBlachier M.en
dc.contributor.authorBlasco A.J.en
dc.contributor.authorBrandao Mello C.E.en
dc.contributor.authorBruggmann P.en
dc.contributor.authorBrunton C.R.en
dc.contributor.authorCalinas F.en
dc.contributor.authorChan H.L.Y.en
dc.contributor.authorChaudhry A.en
dc.contributor.authorCheinquer H.en
dc.contributor.authorChen C.-J.en
dc.contributor.authorChien R.-N.en
dc.contributor.authorChoi M.S.en
dc.contributor.authorChristensen P.B.en
dc.contributor.authorChuang W.-L.en
dc.contributor.authorChulanov V.en
dc.contributor.authorCisneros L.en
dc.contributor.authorClausen M.R.en
dc.contributor.authorCramp M.E.en
dc.contributor.authorCraxi A.en
dc.contributor.authorCroes E.A.en
dc.contributor.authorDalgard O.en
dc.contributor.authorDaruich J.R.en
dc.contributor.authorEl-Sayed M.H.en
dc.contributor.authorErgor G.en
dc.contributor.authorEsmat G.en
dc.contributor.authorEstes C.en
dc.contributor.authorFalconer K.en
dc.contributor.authorFerraz M.L.G.en
dc.contributor.authorFerreira P.R.en
dc.contributor.authorFlisiak R.en
dc.contributor.authorFrankova S.en
dc.contributor.authorGamkrelidze I.en
dc.contributor.authorGane E.en
dc.contributor.authorGarcia-Samaniego J.en
dc.contributor.authorKhan A.G.en
dc.contributor.authorGountas I.en
dc.contributor.authorGoldis A.en
dc.contributor.authorGottfredsson M.en
dc.contributor.authorGrebely J.en
dc.contributor.authorGschwantler M.en
dc.contributor.authorGuimaraes Pessoa M.en
dc.contributor.authorGunter J.en
dc.contributor.authorHajarizadeh B.en
dc.contributor.authorHajelssedig O.en
dc.contributor.authorHamid S.en
dc.contributor.authorHamoudi W.en
dc.contributor.authorHatzakis A.en
dc.contributor.authorHimatt S.M.en
dc.contributor.authorHofer H.en
dc.contributor.authorHrstic I.en
dc.contributor.authorHui Y.-T.en
dc.contributor.authorHunyady B.en
dc.contributor.authorIdilman R.en
dc.contributor.authorJafri W.en
dc.contributor.authorJahis R.en
dc.contributor.authorJanjua N.Z.en
dc.contributor.authorJarcuska P.en
dc.contributor.authorJeruma A.en
dc.contributor.authorJonasson J.G.en
dc.contributor.authorKamel Y.en
dc.contributor.authorKao J.-H.en
dc.contributor.authorKaymakoglu S.en
dc.contributor.authorKershenobich D.en
dc.contributor.authorKhamis J.en
dc.contributor.authorKim Y.S.en
dc.contributor.authorKondili L.en
dc.contributor.authorKoutoubi Z.en
dc.contributor.authorKrajden M.en
dc.contributor.authorKrarup H.en
dc.contributor.authorLai M.-S.en
dc.contributor.authorLaleman W.en
dc.contributor.authorLao W.-C.en
dc.contributor.authorLavanchy D.en
dc.contributor.authorLazaro P.en
dc.contributor.authorLeleu H.en
dc.contributor.authorLesi O.en
dc.contributor.authorLesmana L.A.en
dc.contributor.authorLi M.en
dc.contributor.authorLiakina V.en
dc.contributor.authorLim Y.-S.en
dc.contributor.authorLuksic B.en
dc.contributor.authorMahomed A.en
dc.contributor.authorMaimets M.en
dc.contributor.authorMakara M.en
dc.contributor.authorMalu A.O.en
dc.contributor.authorMarinho R.T.en
dc.contributor.authorMarotta P.en
dc.contributor.authorMauss S.en
dc.contributor.authorMemon M.S.en
dc.contributor.authorMendes Correa M.C.en
dc.contributor.authorMendez-Sanchez N.en
dc.contributor.authorMerat S.en
dc.contributor.authorMetwally A.M.en
dc.contributor.authorMohamed R.en
dc.contributor.authorMoreno C.en
dc.contributor.authorMourad F.H.en
dc.contributor.authorMullhaupt B.en
dc.contributor.authorMurphy K.en
dc.contributor.authorNde H.en
dc.contributor.authorNjouom R.en
dc.contributor.authorNonkovic D.en
dc.contributor.authorNorris S.en
dc.contributor.authorObekpa S.en
dc.contributor.authorOguche S.en
dc.contributor.authorOlafsson S.en
dc.contributor.authorOltman M.en
dc.contributor.authorOmede O.en
dc.contributor.authorOmuemu C.en
dc.contributor.authorOpare-Sem O.en
dc.contributor.authorOvrehus A.L.H.en
dc.contributor.authorOwusu-Ofori S.en
dc.contributor.authorOyunsuren T.S.en
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-14T13:06:07Zen
dc.date.available2021-05-14T13:06:07Zen
dc.date.copyright2017en
dc.date.created20170222en
dc.date.issued2017-02-22en
dc.identifier.citationThe Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2 (3) (pp 161-176), 2017. Date of Publication: 01 Mar 2017.en
dc.identifier.issn2468-1253en
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/38397en
dc.description.abstractBackground The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of-and expansion on-the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64-103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1.0% (95% uncertainty interval 0.8-1.1) in 2015, corresponding to 71.1 million (62.5-79.4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltden
dc.languageenen
dc.languageEnglishen
dc.publisherElsevier Ltden
dc.titleGlobal prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: A modelling study.en
dc.typeArticleen
dc.identifier.doihttp://monash.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253%2816%2930181-9en
dc.publisher.placeUnited Kingdomen
dc.identifier.pubmedid28404132 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=28404132]en
dc.identifier.source614403315en
dc.identifier.institution(Blach, Estes, Gamkrelidze, Gountas, Gunter, Murphy, Nde, Pasini, Razavi-Shearer, Razavi-Shearer, Robbins, Schmelzer, Razavi) Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO 80026, United States (Zeuzem) Department of Medicine, JW Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany (Manns, Wedemeyer) Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Altraif, Aljumah) King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Duberg) Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden (Duberg) School of Health and Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Sweden (Muljono) Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia (Muljono) University of Sydney, Department of Hepatitis and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Waked) National Liver Institute, Menoufiya, Egypt (Alavian) Baqiatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Alavian) Middle East Liver Diseases Centre, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Lee) Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China) (Negro) Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva, Switzerland (Abaalkhail) Department of Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Abdou) Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, United Arab Emirates (Abdulla, Khamis) Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain (Abou Rached) National Hepatitis Program, Ministry of Public Health, Lebanon (Aho) Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (Akarca) Gastroenterology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey (Al Ghazzawi) GI and Hepatology Department, Jordan Royal Medical Services, Jordan (Al Kaabi, Hajelssedig, Kamel, Sharma) Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (Al Lawati) Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Oman (Al Namaani) Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Landspitali, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman (Al Serkal) Hospitals Sector, Ministry of Health, United Arab Emirates (Al-Busafi) Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman (Al-Dabal) Infectious Diseases Unit, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, United Arab Emirates (Aleman) Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Aleman) Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology/Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Alghamdi) Gastroenterology Unit, Medical Department, King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Al-Romaihi) Public Health Department, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar (Andersson) Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Health Sciences, South Africa (Arendt) Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg (Arendt) Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg (Arkkila) Department of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (Assiri) Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Baatarkhuu) Department of Infectious Diseases, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (Bane) Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences Medical School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Ben-Ari) Liver Disease Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (Bergin, Norris) St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Bergin, Norris) Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland (Bessone) University of Rosario School of Medicine, Rosario, Argentina (Bihl) Gastroenterology Department, Ospedale Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland (Bizri) Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon (Blachier, Leleu) ParisFrance (Blasco, Lazaro) MadridSpain (Brandao Mello) Department of Gastroenterology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (Bruggmann) Arud Centres for Addiction Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland (Brunton) Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand (Calinas) Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa, Central Hospital Santo Antonio Capuchos, Lisbon, Portugal (Chan) Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Chaudhry) Gujranwala Liver Foundation, Siddiq Sadiq Hospital, Gujranwala, Pakistan (Cheinquer) Hospital das Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Chen) Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China) (Chien) Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan (Republic of China) (Choi) Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Christensen, Ovrehus) Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (Chuang) Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Republic of China) (Chulanov, Pimenov) Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russian Federation (Cisneros) UMAE 25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey N.L., Mexico (Clausen) Department of Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Cramp) Plymouth University, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, United Kingdom (Craxi) Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (Craxi) Gastroenterologia and Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico, Palermo, Italy (Croes) Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands (Dalgard) Department of Infectious Diseases, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Daruich) Seccion Hepatologia, Hospital de Clinicas San Martin, GEDyT, Argentina (Daruich) Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (De Ledinghen) Service d'Hepato-Gastroenterologie, Hopital Haut-Leveque, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, France (De Ledinghen) INSERM U1053, Universite Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (Dore, Grebely, Hajarizadeh) Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (El-Sayed) Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Ergor) Public Health and Epidemiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (Esmat, Yosry) Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (Falconer) Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Farag, Himatt) Public Health Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar (Ferraz) Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Ferreira) Division of Infectious Disease, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (Flisiak) Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (Frankova, Sperl) Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia (Gane) Auckland Hospital Clinical Studies Unit, Auckland, New Zealand (Garcia-Samaniego) Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERehd, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain (Khan) Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan (Goldis) Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania (Gottfredsson) Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (Gschwantler) Wilhelminenspital, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Vienna, Austria (Guimaraes Pessoa) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Hamid, Jafri) Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Hamoudi) Jordan Ministry of Health, Jordan (Hatzakis, Sypsa) Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (Hatzakis) Hellenic Scientific Society for the Study of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Athens, Greece (Hofer) Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria (Hrstic) General Hospital Pula, Pula, Croatia (Hui) Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Hunyady) Department of Gastroenterology, Somogy County Kaposi Mor Teaching Hospital, Kaposvar, Hungary (Hunyady) First Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary (Idilman) Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey (Jahis) Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia (Janjua, Krajden) British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC), Vancouver, BC, Canada (Janjua) School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Jarcuska) 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia (Jeruma) Out-Patient Department, Latvian Infectology Centre, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia (Jeruma) Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia (Jonasson) Department of Pathology, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (Jonasson) Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (Kamel) Department of Medicine, Miniya University, Egypt (Kao) Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China) (Kaymakoglu) Gastroenterology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey (Kershenobich) Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, Mexico (Kim) Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea (Kondili) Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy (Koutoubi) Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Krajden) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Krarup) Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (Lai) Department of Medicine, North District Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Laleman) University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Lao) Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Lavanchy) Ruelle des Chataigniers 1, Denges VD, Switzerland (Lesi) Medicine and Gastroenterologist, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital PMB, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria (Lesmana) Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia (Lesmana) Digestive Disease and GI Oncology Center, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia (Li) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Liakina, Speiciene, Valantinas) Centre of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (Liakina) Department of Biomechanics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania (Lim) Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (Luksic) Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases, Split University Hospital, Split University Medical School, Soltanska 1, Split, Croatia (Mahomed) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (Maimets, Salupere) University of Tartu, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia (Makara) Central Outpatient Clinic, Saint Laszlo Hospital, Budapest, Hungary (Malu, Obekpa) Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria (Marinho) Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal (Marotta) Division of Gastroenterology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada (Mauss) Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology, Duesseldorf, Germany (Memon) Asian Institute of Medical Science (AIMS), Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan (Mendes Correa) School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil (Mendez-Sanchez) Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico (Merat, Poustchi) Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Metwally) Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Egypt (Mohamed) University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Moreno) CUB Hopital, Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (Mourad, Sharara) Division of Gastroenterology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon (Mullhaupt) Swiss HPB (Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary) Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (Njouom) Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon (Nonkovic) Institute of Public Health County of Dalmatia, Department of Epidemiology, Croatia (Obekpa) Advocacy for the Prevention of Hepatitis in Nigeria, Nigeria (Oguche) Paediatrics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria (Oguche) Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria (Olafsson) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (Oltman) Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center, Bratislava, Slovakia (Omede) Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (Omuemu) University of Benin, Nigeria (Opare-Sem, Phillips) Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Owusu-Ofori) Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana (Oyunsuren) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (Papatheodoridis) Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece (Peltekian) Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Dalhousie University, Hepatology Services, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Capital District Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada (Prabdial-Sing) Center for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (Prabdial-Sing) Division of Virology and Communicable Diseases Surveillance, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (Qureshi) Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan (Ramji) Department of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Redae) St. Paul Hospital's Millennium College Vice Provost, GI Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Reesink) Department of Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (Ridruejo) Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, Centro de Educacion Medica e Investigaciones Clinicas Norberto Quirno (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Roberts) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States (Roberts) Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Rosenberg) UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Roudot-Thoraval) Departement Sante Publique, Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France (Ryder) Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (Safadi) Liver Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (Sagalova) Infectious Diseases Department, Clinic of the South Urals State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation (Sanai) Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Sanai) Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Sanchez Avila) Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Vasco de Quiroga No 15, Delegacion Tlalpan, Mexico DF, Mexico (Saraswat) Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India (Sarmento-Castro) Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal (Sarrazin) JW Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany (Schreter) Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia (Seguin-Devaux) Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg (Shah) Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver Diseases, HPB Surgery and Liver Transplant, Global Hospitals, Mumbai, India (Shevaldin) Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases with Immunoprophylaxis, St. Petersburg Polyclinic 74, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation (Shevaldin) Infectious Disease and General Medicine, Sen Sok International University Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (Shiha) Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Dakahliah, Egypt (Sievert) Monash University, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Sonderup) Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (Souliotis) Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Centre for Health Services, Corinth, Greece (Starkel) Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium (Stauber) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (Stedman) Christchurch Hospital, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand (Struck) Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg (Su) Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China) (Tan) Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia (Tanaka) Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Thompson) Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Tolmane) Department of Hepatology, Infectology Center of Latvia, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia (Tolmane) Department of Medicine, Latvian University, Riga, Latvia (Tomasiewicz) Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (Van Damme, Van Vlierberghe) Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium (Van Der Meer) Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (Van Thiel) Deutsche Leberhilfe E.V., Koln, Germany (Van Thiel) European Liver Patients Association, Sint-Truiden, Belgium (Vince) Medical School University of Zagreb, University Hospital of Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia (Vogel) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria (Wedemeyer) German Liver Foundation, Germany (Weis) Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark (Weis) Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark (Wong) Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Wong) State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Yaghi) Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Science, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (Yuen) Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Yunihastuti) Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia (Yusuf) Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan (Zuckerman) Liver Unit, Carmel University Medical Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israelen
dc.description.addressH. Razavi, Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO 80026, United States. E-mail: homie.razavi@centerforda.comen
dc.description.publicationstatusEmbaseen
dc.rights.statementCopyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.en
dc.identifier.authoremailRazavi H.; homie.razavi@centerforda.comen
dc.description.grantNo: MR/J01477X/1 Organization: (MRC) *Medical Research Council* Country: United Kingdomen
item.fulltextNo Fulltext-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
item.grantfulltextnone-
item.openairetypeArticle-
crisitem.author.deptGastroenterology and Hepatology-
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