Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/45828| Title: | Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018. | Authors: | Kinyoki D.;Osgood-Zimmerman A.E.;Bhattacharjee N.V.;Schaeffer L.E.;Lazzar-Atwood A.;Lu D.;Ewald S.B.;Donkers K.M.;Letourneau I.D.;Collison M.;Schipp M.F.;Abajobir A.;Abbasi S.;Abbasi N.;Abbasifard M.;Abbasi-Kangevari M.;Abbastabar H.;Abd-Allah F.;Abdelalim A.;Abd-Elsalam S.M.;Abdoli A.;Abdollahpour I.;Abedi A.;Abolhassani H.;Abraham B.;Abreu L.G.;Abrigo M.R.M.;Abualhasan A.;Abu-Gharbieh E.;Abushouk A.I.;Accrombessi M.M.K.;Adabi M.;Adebayo O.M.;Adegbosin A.E.;Adekanmbi V.;Adetokunboh O.O.;Adeyinka D.A.;Adham D.;Advani S.M.;Agasthi P.;Aghaali M.;Ahmad S.;Ahmad T.;Ahmadi K.;Ahmadi S.;Ahmed M.B.;Aichour M.T.E.;Aji B.;Akinyemi O.O.;Aklilu A.;Akunna C.J.;Al-Aly Z.;Alanzi T.M.;Alcalde-Rabanal J.E.;Alemu B.W.;Alemu A.;Alhassan R.K.;Alif S.M.;Alipour V.;Alizade H.;Aljunid S.M.;Almasi-Hashiani A.;Al-Mekhlafi H.M.;Al-Raddadi R.M.;Alvis-Guzman N.;Amini S.;Amiri F.;Amugsi D.A.;Anber N.H.;Ancuceanu R.;Andrei T.;Anegago M.T.;Anjomshoa M.;Ansari F.;Ansari-Moghaddam A.;Anteneh Z.A.;Antriyandarti E.;Anvari D.;Anwer R.;Aqeel M.;Arabloo J.;Arab-Zozani M.;Aremu O.;Areri H.A.;Artaman A.;Arzani A.;Asaad M.;Asadi-Aliabadi M.;Asadi-Pooya A.A.;Asemahagn M.A.;Asghari Jafarabadi M.;Ashebir M.M.;Ataro Z.;Athari S.M.;Athari S.S.;Atout M.M.W.;Ausloos M.;Awoke N.;Ayala Quintanilla B.P.;Ayano G.;Ayanore M.A.;Aynalem Y.A.;Ayza M.A.;Azadmehr A.;B D.;Babalola T.K.;Badawi A.;Badiye A.D.;Bahrami M.A.;Bairwa M.;Bakkannavar S.M.;Banik P.C.;Baraki A.G.;Barboza M.A.;Basaleem H.;Basu S.;Bayati M.;Baye B.A.;Bazmandegan G.;Bedi N.;Bekuma T.T.T.;Bell M.L.;Bensenor I.M.;Berhe K.;Berhe A.K.;Berhie K.A.;Bhandari D.;Bhardwaj N.;Bhardwaj P.;Bhattacharyya K.;Bhattarai S.;Bhutta Z.A.;Bijani A.;Bikbov B.;Biondi A.;Birhanu M.;Biswas R.K.;Bockarie M.J.;Bohlouli S.;Bohluli M.;Boloor A.;Borzouei S.;Bragazzi N.L.;Braithwaite D.;Brunoni A.R.;Burugina Nagaraja S.;Butt Z.A.;Caetano dos Santos F.L.;Camera L.A.;Car J.;Cardenas R.;Carvalho F.;Castaldelli-Maia J.M.;Castaneda-Orjuela C.A.;Castro F.;Cevik M.;Chanie W.F.;Charan J.;Chatterjee S.;Chattu V.K.;Chaturvedi S.;Chen S.;Chin K.L.;Chowdhury M.A.K.;Cook A.J.;Costa V.M.;Cromwell E.A.;Dachew B.A.;Dagne H.;Dagnew B.;Dahiru T.;Dahlawi S.M.A.;Dai H.;Dandona L.;Dandona R.;Daneshpajouhnejad P.;Daoud F.;Das J.K.;Das Gupta R.;Dash A.P.;Davila-Cervantes C.A.;Davletov K.;Deeba F.;De Neve J.-W.;Denova-Gutierrez E.;Deribe K.;Desalew A.;Dessie G.A.;Dey S.;Dhimal M.;Dhungana G.P.;Dianatinasab M.;Diaz D.;Dipeolu I.O.;Djalalinia S.;Do H.T.;Dorostkar F.;Doshmangir L.;Duko B.;Duraes A.R.;Earl L.;Edinur H.A.;Efendi F.;Elayedath R.;Elema T.B.;Elhabashy H.R.;El-Jaafary S.I.;El Sayed I.;El Sayed Zaki M.;Elsharkawy A.;El-Sherbiny Y.M.;El Tantawi M.;Endalew D.A.;Eshrati B.;Eskandari K.;Eskandarieh S.;Fadhil I.;Faraon E.J.A.;Fareed M.;Faris P.S.;Farwati M.;Farzadfar F.;Fasanmi A.O.;Fattahi N.;Fauk N.K.;Feigin V.L.;Feleke B.E.;Fereshtehnejad S.-M.;Fernandes E.;Ferrara P.;Foigt N.A.;Fomenkov A.A.;Foroutan M.;Francis J.M.;Franklin R.C.;Freitas M.;Fukumoto T.;Gad M.M.;Gaidhane A.M.;Gayesa R.T.;Geberemariyam B.S.;Gebregiorgis B.G.;Gebremariam H.;Gebremariam T.B.B.;Gebremeskel L.;Gebremeskel G.G.;Gebreslassie A.A.;Geramo Y.C.D.;Gesesew H.A.;Gessner B.D.;Getacher L.;Ghadiri K.;Ghaffarifar F.;Ghafourifard M.;Ghajarzadeh M.;Ghamari F.;Ghashghaee A.;Ghith N.;Gilani S.A.;Gill T.K.;Godinho M.A.;Gona P.N.;Grada A.;Gubari M.I.M.;Gudi N.;Guido D.;Guled R.A.;Guo Y.;Gupta R.;Haj-Mirzaian A.;Hamadeh R.R.;Handiso D.W.;Hanif A.;Hargono A.;Hasaballah A.I.;Hasan M.M.;Hasan S.S.;Hashemian M.;Hashi A.;Hassan S.;Hassan A.;Hassanipour S.;Hassankhani H.;Hayat K.;Hegazy M.I.;Heidari-Soureshjani R.;Henry N.J.;Herteliu C.;Heydarpour F.;Heydarpour S.;Hidru H.D.;Hoang C.L.;Holla R.;Hon J.;Hong S.H.;Hoogar P.;Hosseini S.N.;Hosseinzadeh M.;Hostiuc M.;Hostiuc S.;Hotez P.J.;Househ M.;Huda T.M.;Huluko D.H.H.;Hussain S.A.;Hwang B.-F.;Ilesanmi O.S.;Ilic I.M.;Ilic M.D.;Inbaraj L.R.;Iqbal U.;Islam M.M.;Islam S.M.S.;Iwu C.J.;Iwu C.C.D.;Jadidi-Niaragh F.;Jahani M.A.;Jain V.;Jakovljevic M.;Jalali A.;Jalilian F.;Janodia M.D.;Javaheri T.;Jha R.P.;John O.;Johnson K.B.;Jonas J.B.;Jonnagaddala J.;Joseph N.;Joshi A.;Joukar F.;Jozwiak J.J.;Kabir A.;Kabir Z.;Kahlon T.;Kalankesh L.R.;Kalhor R.;Kamath A.;Kamiab Z.;Kanchan T.;Kapil U.;Kapoor N.;Karami Matin B.;Karimi S.E.;Kasa A.S.;Kasahun G.G.;Kassa Z.Y.;Kassa G.G.;Kassahun G.;Kayode G.A.;Kazemi Karyani A.;Keflie T.S.;Keiyoro P.N.;Kelkay B.;Keramati M.;Ketema D.B.;Khalid N.;Khammarnia M.;Khan M.N.;Khan M.;Khan J.;Khatab K.;Khater A.M.;Khater M.M.;Khoja A.T.;Khubchandani J.;Kianipour N.;Kim Y.-E.;Kim Y.J.;Kimokoti R.W.;Kisa S.;Kisa A.;Kolola T.;Koolivand A.;Kosen S.;Koul P.A.;Koyanagi A.;Krishan K.;Krishnamoorthy V.;Kuate Defo B.;Kugbey N.;Kulkarni V.;Kumar G.A.;Kumar N.;Kumar P.;Kumar M.;Kurmi O.P.;Kusuma D.;Lacey B.;Lad D.P.;Lal D.K.;Lami F.H.;Landires I.;Larsson A.O.;Lasrado S.;Laurens M.B.;La Vecchia C.;Laxmaiah A.;Lee P.H.;Lee S.W.H.;LeGrand K.E.;Lewycka S.;Li B.;Li S.;Liu X.;Lopez J.C.F.;Machado D.B.;Madhava Kunjathur S.;Magdy Abd El Razek H.;Magdy Abd El Razek M.;Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R.;Mahasha P.W.;Maheri M.;Mahotra N.B.;Majeed A.;Maled V.;Maleki S.;Malekzadeh R.;Malta D.C.;Mamun A.A.;Mansour-Ghanaei F.;Mansouri B.;Mansournia M.A.;Manzar M.D.D.;Marrugo Arnedo C.A.;Martins-Melo F.R.;Masaka A.;Maulik P.K.;Mayala B.K.;Mehari M.;Mehndiratta M.M.;Mehrabi Nasab E.;Mehri F.;Mehta K.M.;Meitei W.B.;Mekonnen T.;Meles G.G.;Melku M.;Mendoza W.;Menezes R.G.;Mengesha M.B.;Mengesha E.W.;Meretoja T.J.;Mersha A.M.;Metekiya W.M.;Miazgowski T.;Michalek I.M.;Mini G.K.;Mir S.A.;Mirica A.;Mirrakhimov E.M.;Mirzaei H.;Mirzaei M.;Mirzaei-Alavijeh M.;Misra S.;Moazen B.;Moghadaszadeh M.;Mohammad Y.;Mohammad D.K.;Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N.;Mohammadi S.M.;Mohammadian-Hafshejani A.;Mohammadpourhodki R.;Mohammed H.M.;Mohammed A.S.;Mohammed S.;Mohammed J.A.;Mohseni Bandpei M.A.;Mokdad A.H.;Molassiotis A.;Monasta L.;Moradi M.;Moradi-Lakeh M.;Moradzadeh R.;Moraga P.;Mosapour A.;Mouodi S.;Mousavi S.M.;Mousavi Khaneghah A.;Mulu G.B.B.;Munir M.;Muriithi M.K.;Murthy G.V.S.;Mustafa G.;Nabhan A.F.;Naderi M.;Nagarajan A.J.;Nagaraju S.P.;Naghavi M.;Naik G.;Naimzada M.D.;Nangia V.;Nansseu J.R.;Naqvi A.A.;Nascimento B.R.;Nayak S.;Nayak V.C.;Nazari J.;Ndejjo R.;Negoi I.;Negoi R.I.;Netsere H.B.;Nguefack-Tsague G.;Ngunjiri J.W.;Nguyen C.T.;Nguyen D.N.;Nguyen H.L.T.;Nigatu Y.T.;Nikbakhsh R.;Nikpoor A.R.;Nnaji C.A.;Nong V.M.;Noubiap J.J.;Nunez-Samudio V.;Nwatah V.E.;Nyanhanda T.;Oancea B.;Ogbo F.A.;Oghenetega O.B.;Oh I.-H.;Okello D.M.;Oladnabi M.;Olagunju A.T.;Olusanya J.O.;Olusanya B.O.;Bali A.O.;Omer M.O.;Omonisi A.E.E.;Onwujekwe O.E.;Ortiz A.;Ortiz-Panozo E.;Otstavnov N.;Otstavnov S.S.;Owolabi M.O.;Mahesh P.A.;Padubidri J.R.;Pakhare A.P.;Pakshir K.;Pana A.;Panda-Jonas S.;Pandey A.;Pandi-Perumal S.R.;Pangaribuan H.U.;Pasupula D.K.;Patel S.K.;Patel U.K.;Pathak A.;Patton G.C.;Toroudi H.P.;Pereira J.;Pescarini J.M.;Pham H.Q.;Pickering B.V.;Pirouzpanah S.;Pirsaheb M.;Pokhrel K.N.;Postma M.J.;Pottoo F.H.;Pourchamani H.;Pourjafar H.;Poustchi H.;Prada S.I.;Pribadi D.R.A.;Syed Z.Q.;Rabiee N.;Rafiee A.;Rahim F.;Rahman M.H.U.;Rahman M.A.;Rahmani A.M.;Rai R.K.;Rajesh A.;Ram P.;Ramezanzadeh K.;Ranabhat C.L.;Rao S.J.;Rao S.;Rastogi P.;Rathi P.;Rawal L.;Rawasia W.F.;Rawassizadeh R.;Regassa L.D.;Reiner R.C.;Reshmi B.;Rezaei N.;Rezahosseini O.;Rezapour A.;Riahi S.M.;Ribeiro D.;Ribeiro A.I.;Rickard J.;Roba H.S.;Roever L.;Ronfani L.;Rostamian M.;Rumisha S.F.;Rwegerera G.M.;Sabour S.;Sadeghi E.;Saeedi Moghaddam S.;Sagar R.;Sahebkar A.;Sahraian M.A.;Sajadi S.M.;Salam N.;Salem M.R.;Kafil H.S.;Santos I.S.;Santric-Milicevic M.M.;Saraswathy S.Y.I.;Sarrafzadegan N.;Sartorius B.;Sarveazad A.;Sathian B.;Sathish T.;Saxena D.;Sbarra A.N.;Schwebel D.C.;Senbeta A.M.;Sengupta D.;Senthilkumaran S.;Sepanlou S.G.;Seylani A.;Sha F.;Shafaat O.;Shahabi S.;Shahbaz M.;Shahid I.;Shaikh M.A.;Shaka M.F.;Shalash A.S.;Shamali M.;Shams-Beyranvand M.;Shamsi M.B.;Shamsizadeh M.;Shannawaz M.;Sharafi K.;Sharifi A.;Sheikh A.;Sheikhtaheri A.;Shetty R.S.;Shetty B.S.K.;Shetty A.;Shiferaw W.S.;Shigematsu M.;Il Shin J.;Shiri R.;Shirkoohi R.;Shivarov V.;Siabani S.;Malleshappa S.K.S.;Siddiqi T.J.;Sidemo N.B.;Singh B.B.;Singh S.;Sintayehu Y.;Skryabin V.Y.;Skryabina A.A.;Sobhiyeh M.R.;Soheili A.;Soltani S.;Sorrie M.B.;Spurlock E.E.;Sreeramareddy C.T.;Sudaryanto A.;Sufiyan M.B.;Sultan I.;Tabares-Seisdedos R.;Tabuchi T.;Taddele B.W.;Tadesse E.G.;Taherkhani A.;Tamir Z.;Tamiru A.T.;Tareque M.I.;Tbakhi A.;Teame H.;Tefera Y.G.;Tehrani-Banihashemi A.;Tekalegn Y.;Tekle M.G.;Teklehaimanot B.F.;Temsah M.-H.;Tesema G.A.;Thankappan K.R.;Thomas N.;Tiki T.;Tilahune A.B.;Titova M.V.;Tovani-Palone M.R.;Tran K.B.;Tran B.X.;Tripathi R.;Tripathy J.P.;Truong P.N.;Uddin R.;Ullah A.;Umeokonkwo C.D.;Uneke C.J.;Unnikrishnan B.;Upadhyay E.;Usman M.S.;Vacante M.;Vakilian A.;Tahbaz S.V.;Valdez P.R.;Vasseghian Y.;Verma M.;Violante F.S.;Vo B.;Wado Y.D.;Waheed Y.;Wang Y.;Wang Y.-P.;Wangdi K.;Weldesamuel G.T.;Werdecker A.;Wiangkham T.;Wickramasinghe N.D.;Wiysonge C.S.;Wonde T.E.;Wu A.-M.;Wu C.;Xie Y.;Yadollahpour A.;Jabbari S.H.Y.;Yamada T.;Yang M.;Yaya S.;Yazdi-Feyzabadi V.;Yeheyis T.Y.;Yeshaneh A.;Yeshaw Y.;Yeshitila Y.G.;Yilma M.T.;Yip P.;Young M.F.;Yousefi Z.;Yousefinezhadi T.;Yousof H.-A.S.A.;Yousuf A.Y.;Yu C.;Yu Y.;Zafar S.;Zaidi S.S.;Zaidi Z.;Zakzuk J.;Bin Zaman S.;Zamani M.;Zamanian M.;Zandifar A.;Zangeneh A.;Zastrozhin M.S.;Zastrozhina A.;Zewdie D.T.;Zewdie K.A.;Zhang Y.;Zhu C.;Ziapour A.;Kassebaum N.J.;Hay S.I. | Institution: | (Kinyoki, Osgood-Zimmerman, Bhattacharjee, Lazzar-Atwood, Lu, Ewald, Donkers, Letourneau, Collison, Schipp, Cook, Cromwell, Dandona, Dandona, Daoud, Earl, Feigin, Henry, Hon, Johnson, LeGrand, Mayala, Mokdad, Naghavi, Pickering, Reiner, Sbarra, Spurlock, Yang, Kassebaum, Hay) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Kinyoki, Cromwell, Dandona, Mokdad, Naghavi, Reiner, Sartorius, Kassebaum, Hay) Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Krishnamoorthy, Kassebaum) Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Kassebaum) Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Schaeffer) Global Programs, Medical Teams International, Seattle, WA, United States (Schaeffer) Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States (Abajobir, Amugsi) Maternal and Child Wellbeing, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya (Abbasi, Keramati) Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abbasi) Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (Abbasifard, Bazmandegan) Department of Internal Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abbasifard, Bazmandegan, Kamiab) Clinical Research Development Unit, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abbasi-Kangevari) Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abbastabar) Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abd-Allah, Abdelalim, Abualhasan, El-Jaafary, Hassan, Hegazy) Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (Abd-Elsalam) Tropical Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt (Abdoli) Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abdollahpour) Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abedi) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States (Abolhassani) Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden (Abolhassani, Rezaei) Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abraham) Department of Economics, NMSM Government College, Kalpetta, India (Abreu) Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Abrigo) Department of Research, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines (Abu-Gharbieh) Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Abushouk) Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Abushouk) Department of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Accrombessi) Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Accrombessi) Clinical Research and Operations, Foundation for Scientific Research (FORS), Cotonou, Benin (Adabi) Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Adebayo) College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Adegbosin) School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia (Adekanmbi) Population Health Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Adetokunboh) Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Adetokunboh, Iwu) Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (Adeyinka) Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada (Adeyinka) Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria (Adham) School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Advani) Social Behavioral Research Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States (Advani) Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States (Agasthi) Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States (Aghaali) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ahmad) Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Kuala Langat, Malaysia (Ahmad) Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China (Ahmadi) Lincoln Medical School, Universities of Nottingham & Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom (Ahmadi) School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ahmed) Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Ahmed) Australian Center for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia (Aichour) Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria (Aji) Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia (Akinyemi) Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Akinyemi, Ilesanmi) Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Aklilu) Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia (Akunna) Department of Public Health, The Intercountry Centre for Oral Health (ICOH) for Africa, Jos, Nigeria (Akunna) Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria (Al-Aly) John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States (Al-Aly) Clinical Epidemiology Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, St. Louis, MO, United States (Alanzi) Health Information Management and Technology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia (Alcalde-Rabanal) Center for Health System Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Alemu) College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia (Alemu) Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch University, Injbara, Ethiopia (Alemu) HIV and TB Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Alhassan) Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana (Alif) Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Alipour, Arabloo, Ghashghaee, Rezapour) Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Alipour) Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Alizade) Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Aljunid) Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait (Aljunid) International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia (Almasi-Hashiani, Moradzadeh, Zamanian) Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Al-Mekhlafi) Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia (Al-Mekhlafi) Department of Parasitology, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen (Al-Raddadi) Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Alvis-Guzman, Marrugo Arnedo) Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia (Alvis-Guzman) Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena, Colombia (Amini) Health Services Management Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Amiri) Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Anber) Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (Anber) Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (Ancuceanu) Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (Andrei, Ausloos, Herteliu, Mirica, Pana) Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania (Anegago) Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands (Anegago) Nutrition & Food Science Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababab, Ethiopia (Anjomshoa) Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ansari) Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ansari) Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ansari-Moghaddam) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Anteneh) Department of Epidemiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Antriyandarti) Agribusiness Study Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia (Anvari) Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Anvari) Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Anwer) Department of Pathology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Aqeel) Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpandi, Pakistan (Arab-Zozani) Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Aremu) Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (Areri) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Artaman) Independent Consultant, Windsor, MB, Canada (Arzani) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Arzani) Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Asaad) Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States (Asadi-Aliabadi, Eshrati, Moradi-Lakeh, Tehrani-Banihashemi) Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Asadi-Pooya) Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Asadi-Pooya) Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States (Asemahagn) School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Asghari Jafarabadi) Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Asghari Jafarabadi) Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ashebir, Meles) School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Ataro) Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (Athari) Department of Biology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Athari) Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Atout) Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan (Ausloos) School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Awoke) Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia (Ayala Quintanilla) The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Ayano, Dachew, Duko) School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia (Ayanore) Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana (Aynalem, Gebregiorgis, Shiferaw) Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Ayza) Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Azadmehr) Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, Islamic Republic of (B, Joseph, Kulkarni, Kumar) Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India (Babalola) Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (Babalola) Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria (Badawi) Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada (Badawi) Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Badiye, Kapoor) Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India (Bahrami) Department of Healthcare Management and Education, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Bairwa) Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Bakkannavar, Nayak) Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (Banik) Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh (Baraki, Tesema, Yeshaw) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Barboza) Department of Neurosciences, Costa Rican Department of Social Security, San Jose, Costa Rica (Barboza) School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica (Basaleem) School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Aden College, Aden, Yemen (Basu) Center for Primary Care, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Basu) School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (Bayati) Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Baye, Kolola) Department of Public Health, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia (Bedi) Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India (Bedi) Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia (Bekuma, Yilma) Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia (Bell) School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States (Bensenor, Brunoni, Santos) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Berhe, Gebremariam) Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Berhe) College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia (Berhie) Department of Biostatistics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Bhandari) School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (Bhandari) Public Health Research Laboratory, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal (Bhardwaj) Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College Pali, Pali, India (Bhardwaj) Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India (Bhardwaj) School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India (Bhattacharyya) Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India (Bhattacharyya) Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India (Bhattarai) Department of Global Health, Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal (Bhutta) Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Bhutta) Centre of Excellence in Women & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Bijani, Jahani, Mouodi) Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Bikbov) Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Ranica, Italy (Biondi, Vacante) Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (Birhanu) Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Biswas) Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Bockarie) European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, Cape Town, South Africa (Bockarie) Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Bohlouli) Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Bohluli) Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Bohluli) Department of Research and Innovation, Petanux Research GmBH, Bonn, Germany (Boloor) Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India (Borzouei) Department of Endocrinology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Bragazzi) University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy (Braithwaite) Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States (Braithwaite) Cancer Population Sciences Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States (Brunoni, Castaldelli-Maia, Wang) Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Burugina Nagaraja) Department of Community Medicine, Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bangalore, India (Butt) School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada (Butt) Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan (Caetano dos Santos) Institute of Microengineering, Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Camera) Internal Medicine Department, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Camera) Board of Directors, Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Car) Centre for Population Health Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore (Car, Majeed) Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (Cardenas) Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico (Carvalho, Costa) Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Castaneda-Orjuela) Colombian National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia (Castaneda-Orjuela) Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (Castro) Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama (Cevik) Infection and Global Health Research, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom (Cevik) Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Chanie) Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Chanie, Regassa, Roba, Tekle) School of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (Charan) Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India (Chatterjee) Department of Microbiology & Infection Control, Medanta Medicity, Gurugram, India (Chattu) Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Chaturvedi) Research Department, D. Y. Patil University, Pune, India (Chen, De Neve, Moazen, Mohammed) Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Chin, Guo) Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Chin) Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Chowdhury, Huda, Bin Zaman) Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (Chowdhury, Das Gupta) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States (Dachew) Department of Epidemiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Dagne) Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Dagnew) Department of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Dahiru, Sufiyan) Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Dahlawi) Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia (Dai) Department of Cardiology, Central South University, Changsha, China (Dai) Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada (Dai) College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dandona, Dandona, Kumar, Lal) Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India (Dandona) Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India (Daneshpajouhnejad) Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States (Daneshpajouhnejad) Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Das) Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Das Gupta) James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh (Dash) Asian Institute of Public Health University, Bhubaneswar, India (Davila-Cervantes) Department of Population and Development, Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Davletov) Health Research Institute, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan (Deeba) Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India (Denova-Gutierrez) Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Deribe) Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom (Deribe) School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Desalew) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (Dessie) Department of Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Dey) Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India (Dhimal) Health Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal (Dhungana) Department of Microbiology, Far Western University, Mahendranagar, Nepal (Dianatinasab) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Dianatinasab) Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Diaz) Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Diaz) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Rosales, Mexico (Dipeolu) Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Djalalinia) Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Do) Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam (Dorostkar) Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Doshmangir) Department of Health Policy and Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Duko) School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Duraes) School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil (Duraes) Department of Internal Medicine, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health (Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica), Salvador, Brazil (Edinur) School of Health Sciences, University of Science Malaysia (Universiti Sains Malaysia), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia (Efendi) Department of Community Health Nursing, Airlangaa University (Universitas Airlangga), Surabaya, Indonesia (Efendi, Rahman) School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Elayedath) School of Behavioural Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Kottayam, India (Elema) Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia (Elema) Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Elhabashy) Neurophysiology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (El Sayed) Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (El Sayed Zaki) Reference Laboratory of Egyptian Universities Hospitals, Ministry of Higher Education and Research, Cairo, Egypt (Elsharkawy) Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroentrology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (El-Sherbiny) Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom (El-Sherbiny) Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (El Tantawi) Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (Endalew, Yeshaneh) Department of Midwifery, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia (Eskandari) Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Eskandari) Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Eskandarieh, Sahraian) Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Fadhil) Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Faraon) Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines (Fareed) College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Faris) Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Faris) Department of Biology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq (Farwati) Internal Medicine Department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States (Farwati) Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States (Farzadfar, Saeedi Moghaddam) Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Fasanmi) Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States (Fasanmi) School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States (Fattahi, Karami Matin, Kazemi Karyani, Moradi, Pirsaheb, Sadeghi, Sharafi, Soltani) Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Fauk, Gesesew) College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia (Fauk) Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change, Kupang, Indonesia (Feigin) National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Feigin) Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation (Feleke) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Fereshtehnejad) Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Fereshtehnejad) Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (Fernandes, Freitas) Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Ferrara) Research Center on Public Health, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Foigt) Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine (Fomenkov) Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Moscow, Russian Federation (Foroutan) Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Francis) Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (Franklin) School of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia (Fukumoto) Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (Gad) Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States (Gad) Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States (Gaidhane, Syed, Saxena) Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India (Gayesa) Department of Nursing, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia (Geberemariyam, Tekalegn) Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia (Gebremariam) Department of Human Nutrition, Aksum University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Gebremeskel, Kasahun) School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia (Gebremeskel) Department of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Gebremeskel, Weldesamuel) Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia (Gebremeskel) Department of Nursing, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Gebreslassie) Department of Reproductive Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Geramo, Sidemo, Sorrie) Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia (Gesesew) Department of Epidemiology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Gessner) Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville, PA, United States (Gessner) Agency of Preventive Medicine, Paris, France (Getacher) Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Ghadiri) Infectious Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ghadiri) Pediatric Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ghaffarifar) Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ghafourifard) Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ghajarzadeh) Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ghamari) Occupational Health Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ghashghaee) Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ghith) Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Gilani) Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan (Gilani) Afro-Asian Institute, Lahore, Pakistan (Gill) Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (Godinho, Jonnagaddala) School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia (Gona) Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA, United States (Grada) Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States (Gubari) Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq (Gudi) Department of Health Policy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (Guido) Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS (Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta), Milan, Italy (Guled) College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia (Guo) Department of Epidemiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, China (Gupta) Non-communicable Diseases Department, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India (Gupta) Department of Preventive Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India (Gupta) Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi University Medical Sciences, Jaipur, India (Haj-Mirzaian) Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Haj-Mirzaian, Nikbakhsh) Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Hamadeh) Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain (Handiso) Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia (Hanif) Universit... [Ovid has truncated this field to avoid Excel character limitations] |
Issue Date: | 31-Oct-2021 | Copyright year: | 2021 | Publisher: | Nature Research | Place of publication: | United States | Publication information: | Nature Medicine. 27(10) (pp 1761-1782), 2021. Date of Publication: October 2021. | Journal: | Nature Medicine | Abstract: | Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000-2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.Copyright © 2021, The Author(s). | DOI: | http://monash.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01498-0 | PubMed URL: | 34642490 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=34642490] | URI: | https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/45828 | Type: | Article | Subjects: | anemia middle income country nutrition probability public health resource allocation vulnerable World Health Organization |
| Appears in Collections: | Articles |
Show full item record
Items in Monash Health Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.