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Title: | Age at diagnosis and diagnostic delay across attention-deficit hyperactivity and autism spectrums. | Authors: | Knott R.;Mellahn O.J.;Tiego J.;Kallady K.;Brown L.E.;Coghill D.;Williams K.;Bellgrove M.A.;Johnson B.P. | Monash Health Department(s): | Paediatric - Developmental Paediatrics | Institution: | (Knott, Mellahn, Tiego, Kallady, Bellgrove, Johnson) Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (Brown) School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia (Coghill, Williams) Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Coghill) Department of Mental Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Coghill, Williams) Neurodevelopment and Disability Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Williams) Department of Developmental Paediatrics, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia (Williams, Johnson) Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia |
Issue Date: | 31-Oct-2023 | Copyright year: | 2023 | Publisher: | SAGE Publications Inc. | Place of publication: | United Kingdom | Publication information: | Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 58(2) (pp 142-151), 2024. Date of Publication: February 2024. | Journal: | Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry | Abstract: | Background: Despite the known benefits of accurate and timely diagnosis for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders (autism), for some children this goal is not always achieved. Existing research has explored diagnostic delay for autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder only, and when attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism co-occur, autism has been the focus. No study has directly compared age at diagnosis and diagnostic delay for males and females across attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and specifically, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder + autism. Method(s): Australian caregivers (N = 677) of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder + autism were recruited via social media (n = 594) and the Monash Autism and ADHD Genetics and Neurodevelopment Project (n = 83). Caregivers reported on their child's diagnostic process. Diagnostic delay was the mean difference between general initial developmental concerns and the child's attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism diagnosis. Result(s): Children with autism were significantly younger at autism diagnosis than the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder + autism group (etap2 = 0.06), whereas children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were significantly older at attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis than the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder + autism group (etap2 = 0.01). Delay to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism diagnosis was significantly longer in the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder + autism group compared to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (etap2 = 0.02) and autism (eta2 = 0.04) only. Delay to autism diagnosis for females with autism (eta2 = 0.06) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder + autism (eta2 = 0.04) was longer compared to males. Conclusion(s): Having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder + autism and being female were associated with longer delays to diagnosis. The reasons for these delays and possible adverse effects on outcomes require further study.Copyright © The Author(s) 2023. | DOI: | http://monash.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00048674231206997 | PubMed URL: | 37885260 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=37885260] | URI: | https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/50573 | Type: | Article | Subjects: | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder autism |
Appears in Collections: | Articles |
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