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https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/26801| Title: | Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. | Authors: | She J.;Thankappan K.R.;Thomas N.;Tilahun B.;To Q.G.;Tonelli M.;Topor-Madry R.;Topouzis F.;Torre A.E.;Tortajada-Girbes M.;Touvier M.;Tovani-Palone M.R.;Towbin J.A.;Tran B.X.;Tran K.B.;Troeger C.E.;Truelsen T.C.;Tsilimbaris M.K.;Tsoi D.;Tudor Car L.;Tuzcu E.M.;Ukwaja K.N.;Ullah I.;Undurraga E.A.;Unutzer J.;Updike R.L.;Usman M.S.;Uthman O.A.;Vaduganathan M.;Vaezi A.;Valdez P.R.;Varughese S.;Vasankari T.J.;Venketasubramanian N.;Villafaina S.;Violante F.S.;Vladimirov S.K.;Vlassov V.;Vollset S.E.;Vosoughi K.;Vujcic I.S.;Wagnew F.S.;Waheed Y.;Waller S.G.;Wang Y.;Wang Y.-P.;Weiderpass E.;Weintraub R.G.;Weiss D.J.;Weldegebreal F.;Weldegwergs K.G.;Werdecker A.;West T.E.;Whiteford H.A.;Widecka J.;Wijeratne T.;Wilner L.B.;Wilson S.;Winkler A.S.;Wiyeh A.B.;Wiysonge C.S.;Wolfe C.D.A.;Woolf A.D.;Wu S.;Wu Y.-C.;Wyper G.M.A.;Xavier D.;Xu G.;Yadgir S.;Yadollahpour A.;Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H.;Yamada T.;Yan L.L.;Yano Y.;Yaseri M.;Yasin Y.J.;Yeshaneh A.;Yimer E.M.;Yip P.;Yisma E.;Yonemoto N.;Yoon S.-J.;Yotebieng M.;Younis M.Z.;Yousefifard M.;Yu C.;Zadnik V.;Zaidi Z.;Zaman S.B.;Zamani M.;Zare Z.;Zeleke A.J.;Zenebe Z.M.;Zhang K.;Zhao Z.;Zhou M.;Zodpey S.;Zucker I.;Vos T.;Murray C.J.L.;De Courten B. ;Fox J. ;James S.L.;Abate D.;Abate K.H.;Abay S.M.;Abbafati C.;Abbasi N.;Abbastabar H.;Abd-Allah F.;Abdela J.;Abdelalim A.;Abdollahpour I.;Abdulkader R.S.;Abebe Z.;Abera S.F.;Abil O.Z.;Abraha H.N.;Abu-Raddad L.J.;Abu-Rmeileh N.M.E.;Accrombessi M.M.K.;Acharya D.;Acharya P.;Ackerman I.N.;Adamu A.A.;Adebayo O.M.;Adekanmbi V.;Adetokunboh O.O.;Adib M.G.;Adsuar J.C.;Afanvi K.A.;Afarideh M.;Afshin A.;Agarwal G.;Agesa K.M.;Aggarwal R.;Aghayan S.A.;Agrawal S.;Ahmadi A.;Ahmadi M.;Ahmadieh H.;Ahmed M.B.;Aichour A.N.;Aichour I.;Aichour M.T.E.;Akinyemiju T.;Akseer N.;Al-Aly Z.;Al-Eyadhy A.;Al-Mekhlafi H.M.;Al-Raddadi R.M.;Alahdab F.;Alam K.;Alam T.;Alashi A.;Alavian S.M.;Alene K.A.;Alijanzadeh M.;Alizadeh-Navaei R.;Aljunid S.M.;Alkerwi A.;Alla F.;Allebeck P.;Alouani M.M.L.;Altirkawi K.;Alvis-Guzman N.;Amare A.T.;Aminde L.N.;Ammar W.;Amoako Y.A.;Anber N.H.;Andrei C.L.;Androudi S.;Animut M.D.;Anjomshoa M.;Ansha M.G.;Antonio C.A.T.;Anwari P.;Arabloo J.;Arauz A.;Aremu O.;Ariani F.;Armoon B.;Arnlov J.;Arora A.;Artaman A.;Aryal K.K.;Asayesh H.;Asghar R.J.;Ataro Z.;Atre S.R.;Ausloos M.;Avila-Burgos L.;Avokpaho E.F.G.A.;Awasthi A.;Ayala Quintanilla B.P.;Ayer R.;Azzopardi P.S.;Babazadeh A.;Badali H.;Badawi A.;Bali A.G.;Ballesteros K.E.;Ballew S.H.;Banach M.;Banoub J.A.M.;Banstola A.;Barac A.;Barboza M.A.;Barker-Collo S.L.;Barnighausen T.W.;Barrero L.H.;Baune B.T.;Bazargan-Hejazi S.;Bedi N.;Beghi E.;Behzadifar M.;Bejot Y.;Belachew A.B.;Belay Y.A.;Bell M.L.;Bello A.K.;Bensenor I.M.;Bernabe E.;Bernstein R.S.;Beuran M.;Beyranvand T.;Bhala N.;Bhattarai S.;Bhaumik S.;Bhutta Z.A.;Biadgo B.;Bijani A.;Bikbov B.;Bilano V.;Bililign N.;Bin Sayeed M.S.;Bisanzio D.;Blacker B.F.;Blyth F.M.;Bou-Orm I.R.;Boufous S.;Bourne R.;Brady O.J.;Brainin M.;Brant L.C.;Brazinova A.;Breitborde N.J.K.;Brenner H.;Briant P.S.;Briggs A.M.;Briko A.N.;Britton G.;Brugha T.;Buchbinder R.;Busse R.;Butt Z.A.;Cahuana-Hurtado L.;Cano J.;Cardenas R.;Carrero J.J.;Carter A.;Carvalho F.;Castaneda-Orjuela C.A.;Castillo Rivas J.;Castro F.;Catala-Lopez F.;Cercy K.M.;Cerin E.;Chaiah Y.;Chang A.R.;Chang H.-Y.;Chang J.-C.;Charlson F.J.;Chattopadhyay A.;Chattu V.K.;Chaturvedi P.;Chiang P.P.-C.;Chin K.L.;Chitheer A.;Choi J.-Y.J.;Chowdhury R.;Christensen H.;Christopher D.J.;Cicuttini F.M.;Ciobanu L.G.;Cirillo M.;Claro R.M.;Collado-Mateo D.;Cooper C.;Coresh J.;Cortesi P.A.;Cortinovis M.;Costa M.;Cousin E.;Criqui M.H.;Cromwell E.A.;Cross M.;Crump J.A.;Dadi A.F.;Dandona L.;Dandona R.;Dargan P.I.;Daryani A.;Das Gupta R.;Das Neves J.;Dasa T.T.;Davey G.;Davis A.C.;Davitoiu D.V.;De La Hoz F.P.;De Leo D.;De Neve J.-W.;Degefa M.G.;Degenhardt L.;Deiparine S.;Dellavalle R.P.;Demoz G.T.;Deribe K.;Dervenis N.;Des Jarlais D.C.;Dessie G.A.;Dey S.;Dharmaratne S.D.;Dinberu M.T.;Dirac M.A.;Djalalinia S.;Doan L.;Dokova K.;Doku D.T.;Dorsey E.R.;Doyle K.E.;Driscoll T.R.;Dubey M.;Dubljanin E.;Duken E.E.;Duncan B.B.;Duraes A.R.;Ebrahimi H.;Ebrahimpour S.;Echko M.M.;Edvardsson D.;Effiong A.;Ehrlich J.R.;El Bcheraoui C.;El Sayed Zaki M.;El-Khatib Z.;Elkout H.;Elyazar I.R.F.;Enayati A.;Endries A.Y.;Er B.;Erskine H.E.;Eshrati B.;Eskandarieh S.;Esteghamati A.;Esteghamati S.;Fakhim H.;Fallah Omrani V.;Faramarzi M.;Fareed M.;Farhadi F.;Farid T.A.;Farinha C.S.E.;Farioli A.;Faro A.;Farvid M.S.;Farzadfar F.;Feigin V.L.;Fentahun N.;Fereshtehnejad S.-M.;Fernandes E.;Fernandes J.C.;Ferrari A.J.;Feyissa G.T.;Filip I.;Fischer F.;Fitzmaurice C.;Foigt N.A.;Foreman K.J.;Frank T.D.;Fukumoto T.;Fullman N.;Furst T.;Furtado J.M.;Futran N.D.;Gall S.;Ganji M.;Gankpe F.G.;Garcia-Basteiro A.L.;Gardner W.M.;Gebre A.K.;Gebremedhin A.T.;Gebremichael T.G.;Gelano T.F.;Geleijnse J.M.;Genova-Maleras R.;Geramo Y.C.D.;Gething P.W.;Gezae K.E.;Ghadiri K.;Ghasemi Falavarjani K.;Ghasemi-Kasman M.;Ghimire M.;Ghosh R.;Ghoshal A.G.;Giampaoli S.;Gill P.S.;Gill T.K.;Ginawi I.A.;Giussani G.;Gnedovskaya E.V.;Goldberg E.M.;Goli S.;Gomez-Dantes H.;Gona P.N.;Gopalani S.V.;Gorman T.M.;Goulart A.C.;Goulart B.N.G.;Grada A.;Grams M.E.;Grosso G.;Gugnani H.C.;Guo Y.;Gupta P.C.;Gupta R.;Gupta T.;Gyawali B.;Haagsma J.A.;Hachinski V.;Hafezi-Nejad N.;Haghparast Bidgoli H.;Hagos T.B.;Hailu G.B.;Haj-Mirzaian A.;Hamadeh R.R.;Hamidi S.;Handal A.J.;Hankey G.J.;Hao Y.;Harb H.L.;Harikrishnan S.;Haro J.M.;Hasan M.;Hassankhani H.;Hassen H.Y.;Havmoeller R.;Hawley C.N.;Hay R.J.;Hay S.I.;Hedayatizadeh-Omran A.;Heibati B.;Hendrie D.;Henok A.;Herteliu C.;Heydarpour S.;Hibstu D.T.;Hoang H.T.;Hoek H.W.;Hoffman H.J.;Hole M.K.;Homaie Rad E.;Hoogar P.;Hosgood H.D.;Hosseini S.M.;Hosseinzadeh M.;Hostiuc M.;Hostiuc S.;Hotez P.J.;Hoy D.G.;Hsairi M.;Htet A.S.;Hu G.;Huang J.J.;Huynh C.K.;Iburg K.M.;Ikeda C.T.;Ileanu B.;Ilesanmi O.S.;Iqbal U.;Irvani S.S.N.;Irvine C.M.S.;Islam S.;Islami F.;Jacobsen K.H.;Jahangiry L.;Jahanmehr N.;Jain S.K.;Jakovljevic M.;Javanbakht M.;Jayatilleke A.U.;Jeemon P.;Jha R.P.;Jha V.;Ji J.S.;Johnson C.O.;Jonas J.B.;Jozwiak J.J.;Jungari S.B.;Jurisson M.;Kabir Z.;Kadel R.;Kahsay A.;Kalani R.;Kanchan T.;Karami M.;Karami Matin B.;Karch A.;Karema C.;Karimi N.;Karimi S.M.;Kasaeian A.;Kassa D.H.;Kassa G.M.;Kassa T.D.;Kassebaum N.J.;Katikireddi S.V.;Kawakami N.;Kazemi Karyani A.;Keighobadi M.M.;Keiyoro P.N.;Kemmer L.;Kemp G.R.;Kengne A.P.;Keren A.;Khader Y.S.;Khafaei B.;Khafaie M.A.;Khajavi A.;Khalil I.A.;Khan E.A.;Khan M.S.;Khan M.A.;Khang Y.-H.;Khazaei M.;Khoja A.T.;Khosravi A.;Khosravi M.H.;Kiadaliri A.A.;Kiirithio D.N.;Kim C.-I.;Kim D.;Kim P.;Kim Y.-E.;Kim Y.J.;Kimokoti R.W.;Kinfu Y.;Kisa A.;Kissimova-Skarbek K.;Kivimaki M.;Knudsen A.K.S.;Kocarnik J.M.;Kochhar S.;Kokubo Y.;Kolola T.;Kopec J.A.;Kosen S.;Kotsakis G.A.;Koul P.A.;Koyanagi A.;Kravchenko M.A.;Krishan K.;Krohn K.J.;Kuate Defo B.;Kucuk Bicer B.;Kumar G.A.;Kumar M.;Kyu H.H.;Lad D.P.;Lad S.D.;Lafranconi A.;Lalloo R.;Lallukka T.;Lami F.H.;Lansingh V.C.;Latifi A.;Lau K.M.-M.;Lazarus J.V.;Leasher J.L.;Ledesma J.R.;Lee P.H.;Leigh J.;Leung J.;Levi M.;Lewycka S.;Li S.;Li Y.;Liao Y.;Liben M.L.;Lim L.-L.;Lim S.S.;Liu S.;Lodha R.;Looker K.J.;Lopez A.D.;Lorkowski S.;Lotufo P.A.;Low N.;Lozano R.;Lucas T.C.D.;Lucchesi L.R.;Lunevicius R.;Lyons R.A.;Ma S.;Macarayan E.R.K.;Mackay M.T.;Madotto F.;Magdy Abd El Razek H.;Magdy Abd El Razek M.;Maghavani D.P.;Mahotra N.B.;Mai H.T.;Majdan M.;Majdzadeh R.;Majeed A.;Malekzadeh R.;Malta D.C.;Mamun A.A.;Manda A.-L.;Manguerra H.;Manhertz T.;Mansournia M.A.;Mantovani L.G.;Mapoma C.C.;Maravilla J.C.;Marcenes W.;Marks A.;Martins-Melo F.R.;Martopullo I.;Marz W.;Marzan M.B.;Mashamba-Thompson T.P.;Massenburg B.B.;Mathur M.R.;Matsushita K.;Maulik P.K.;Mazidi M.;McAlinden C.;McGrath J.J.;McKee M.;Mehndiratta M.M.;Mehrotra R.;Mehta K.M.;Mehta V.;Mejia-Rodriguez F.;Mekonen T.;Melese A.;Melku M.;Meltzer M.;Memiah P.T.N.;Memish Z.A.;Mendoza W.;Mengistu D.T.;Mengistu G.;Mensah G.A.;Mereta S.T.;Meretoja A.;Meretoja T.J.;Mestrovic T.;Mezerji N.M.G.;Miazgowski B.;Miazgowski T.;Millear A.I.;Miller T.R.;Miltz B.;Mini G.K.;Mirarefin M.;Mirrakhimov E.M.;Misganaw A.T.;Mitchell P.B.;Mitiku H.;Moazen B.;Mohajer B.;Mohammad K.A.;Mohammadifard N.;Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M.;Mohammed M.A.;Mohammed S.;Mohebi F.;Moitra M.;Mokdad A.H.;Molokhia M.;Monasta L.;Moodley Y.;Moosazadeh M.;Moradi G.;Moradi-Lakeh M.;Moradinazar M.;Moraga P.;Morawska L.;Moreno Velasquez I.;Morgado-Da-Costa J.;Morrison S.D.;Moschos M.M.;Mousavi S.M.;Mruts K.B.;Muche A.A.;Muchie K.F.;Mueller U.O.;Muhammed O.S.;Mukhopadhyay S.;Muller K.;Mumford J.E.;Murhekar M.;Musa J.;Musa K.I.;Mustafa G.;Nabhan A.F.;Nagata C.;Naghavi M.;Naheed A.;Nahvijou A.;Naik G.;Naik N.;Najafi F.;Naldi L.;Nam H.S.;Nangia V.;Nansseu J.R.;Nascimento B.R.;Natarajan G.;Neamati N.;Negoi I.;Negoi R.I.;Neupane S.;Newton C.R.J.;Ngunjiri J.W.;Nguyen A.Q.;Nguyen H.L.T.;Nguyen H.T.;Nguyen L.H.;Nguyen M.;Nguyen N.B.;Nguyen S.H.;Nichols E.;Ningrum D.N.A.;Nixon M.R.;Nolutshungu N.;Nomura S.;Norheim O.F.;Noroozi M.;Norrving B.;Noubiap J.J.;Nouri H.R.;Nourollahpour Shiadeh M.;Nowroozi M.R.;Nsoesie E.O.;Nyasulu P.S.;Odell C.M.;Ofori-Asenso R.;Ogbo F.A.;Oh I.-H.;Oladimeji O.;Olagunju A.T.;Olagunju T.O.;Olivares P.R.;Olsen H.E.;Olusanya B.O.;Ong K.L.;Ong S.K.;Oren E.;Ortiz A.;Ota E.;Otstavnov S.S.;overland S.;Owolabi M.O.;Mahesh P.A.;Pacella R.;Pakpour A.H.;Pana A.;Panda-Jonas S.;Parisi A.;Park E.-K.;Parry C.D.H.;Patel S.;Pati S.;Patil S.T.;Patle A.;Patton G.C.;Paturi V.R.;Paulson K.R.;Pearce N.;Pereira D.M.;Perico N.;Pesudovs K.;Pham H.Q.;Phillips M.R.;Pigott D.M.;Pillay J.D.;Piradov M.A.;Pirsaheb M.;Pishgar F.;Plana-Ripoll O.;Plass D.;Polinder S.;Popova S.;Postma M.J.;Pourshams A.;Poustchi H.;Prabhakaran D.;Prakash S.;Prakash V.;Purcell C.A.;Purwar M.B.;Qorbani M.;Quistberg D.A.;Radfar A.;Rafay A.;Rafiei A.;Rahim F.;Rahimi K.;Rahimi-Movaghar A.;Rahimi-Movaghar V.;Rahman M.;Ur Rahman M.H.;Rahman M.A.;Rahman S.U.;Rai R.K.;Rajati F.;Ram U.;Ranjan P.;Ranta A.;Rao P.C.;Rawaf D.L.;Rawaf S.;Reddy K.S.;Reiner R.C.;Reinig N.;Reitsma M.B.;Remuzzi G.;Renzaho A.M.N.;Resnikoff S.;Rezaei S.;Rezai M.S.;Ribeiro A.L.P.;Robinson S.R.;Roever L.;Ronfani L.;Roshandel G.;Rostami A.;Roth G.A.;Roy A.;Rubagotti E.;Sachdev P.S.;Sadat N.;Saddik B.;Sadeghi E.;Saeedi Moghaddam S.;Safari H.;Safari Y.;Safari-Faramani R.;Safdarian M.;Safi S.;Safiri S.;Sagar R.;Sahebkar A.;Sahraian M.A.;Sajadi H.S.;Salam N.;Salama J.S.;Salamati P.;Saleem K.;Saleem Z.;Salimi Y.;Salomon J.A.;Salvi S.S.;Salz I.;Samy A.M.;Sanabria J.;Sang Y.;Santomauro D.F.;Santos I.S.;Santos J.V.;Santric Milicevic M.M.;Sao Jose B.P.;Sardana M.;Sarker A.R.;Sarrafzadegan N.;Sartorius B.;Sarvi S.;Sathian B.;Satpathy M.;Sawant A.R.;Sawhney M.;Saxena S.;Saylan M.;Schaeffner E.;Schmidt M.I.;Schneider I.J.C.;Schottker B.;Schwebel D.C.;Schwendicke F.;Scott J.G.;Sekerija M.;Sepanlou S.G.;Servan-Mori E.;Seyedmousavi S.;Shabaninejad H.;Shafieesabet A.;Shahbazi M.;Shaheen A.A.;Shaikh M.A.;Shams-Beyranvand M.;Shamsi M.;Shamsizadeh M.;Sharafi H.;Sharafi K.;Sharif M.;Sharif-Alhoseini M.;Sharma M.;Sharma R.;Sheikh A.;Shi P.;Shibuya K.;Shigematsu M.;Shiri R.;Shirkoohi R.;Shishani K.;Shiue I.;Shokraneh F.;Shoman H.;Shrime M.G.;Si S.;Siabani S.;Siddiqi T.J.;Sigfusdottir I.D.;Sigurvinsdottir R.;Silva J.P.;Silveira D.G.A.;Singam N.S.V.;Singh J.A.;Singh N.P.;Singh V.;Sinha D.N.;Skiadaresi E.;Slepak E.L.N.;Sliwa K.;Smith D.L.;Smith M.;Soares Filho A.M.;Sobaih B.H.;Sobhani S.;Sobngwi E.;Soneji S.S.;Soofi M.;Soosaraei M.;Sorensen R.J.D.;Soriano J.B.;Soyiri I.N.;Sposato L.A.;Sreeramareddy C.T.;Srinivasan V.;Stanaway J.D.;Stein D.J.;Steiner C.;Steiner T.J.;Stokes M.A.;Stovner L.J.;Subart M.L.;Sudaryanto A.;Sufiyan M.B.;Sunguya B.F.;Sur P.J.;Sutradhar I.;Sykes B.L.;Sylte D.O.;Tabares-Seisdedos R.;Tadakamadla S.K.;Tadesse B.T.;Tandon N.;Tassew S.G.;Tavakkoli M.;Taveira N.;Taylor H.R.;Tehrani-Banihashemi A.;Tekalign T.G.;Tekelemedhin S.W.;Tekle M.G.;Temesgen H.;Temsah M.-H.;Temsah O.;Terkawi A.S.;Teweldemedhin M. | Institution: | (James, Afshin, Agesa, Alam, Ballesteros, Blacker, Briant, Carter, Cercy, Cromwell, Dandona, Dandona, Degenhardt, Deiparine, Dharmaratne, Dirac, Echko, El Bcheraoui, Feigin, Fitzmaurice, Foreman, Fox, Frank, Fullman, Gardner, Goldberg, Gorman, Haj-Mirzaian, Hawley, Hay, Huynh, Ikeda, Irvine, Mohammed, Johnson, Kassebaum, Kemmer, Kemp, Khalil, Kim, Kim, Kocarnik, Krohn, Kyu, Lau, Ledesma, Lim, Lopez, Lozano, Lucchesi, Manguerra, Manhertz, Marks, Martopullo, Millear, Miltz, Misganaw, Moitra, Mokdad, Muller, Mumford, Naghavi, Nguyen, Nguyen, Nichols, Nixon, Nsoesie, Odell, Olsen, Ong, Paulson, Pigott, Purcell, Rahman, Rao, Reiner, Reinig, Reitsma, Sadat, Salama, Slepak, Smith, Smith, Sorensen, Srinivasan, Stanaway, Steiner, Subart, Sur, Sylte, Torre, Troeger, Tsoi, Updike, Vollset, Wang, Whiteford, Wilner, Wilson, Yadgir, Vos, Murray) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, United States (Afshin, Cromwell, El Bcheraoui, Hay, Khalil, Kyu, Lim, Lozano, Misganaw, Mokdad, Naghavi, Pigott, Reiner, Smith, Stanaway, Vollset, Vos, Murray) Department of Health Metrics Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States (Charlson, Kochhar, Sorensen) Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, United States (Fitzmaurice) Division of Hematology, Seattle, WA, United States (Futran) Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle, WA, United States (Kalani) Department of Neurology, Seattle, WA, United States (Kotsakis) Department of Periodontics, Seattle, WA, United States (Massenburg) Division of Plastic Surgery, Seattle, WA, United States (Morrison) Department of Surgery, Seattle, WA, United States (Nsoesie) Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Education, Seattle, WA, United States (Roth) Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States (Unutzer) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States (Oren, West) Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Abdela, Mengistu) School of Pharmacy, Harar, Ethiopia (Ataro, Mitiku, Weldegebreal) Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Harar, Ethiopia (Bali, Tekle) School of Public Health, Harar, Ethiopia (Dasa) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Harar, Ethiopia (Abate, Gelano, Mitiku, Tekalign) Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (Abate, Gebremedhin) Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma, Ethiopia (Ahmed) Department of Epidemiology, Jimma, Ethiopia (Duken) Mycobacteriology Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (Feyissa) Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia (Mereta) Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Abay, Muhammed) Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Davey, Deribe, Yasin) School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yisma) School of Allied Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Demoz) Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abbafati) Department of Law Philosophy and Economic Studies, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (Abbasi, Ebrahimi, Farzadfar, Irvani, Mohajer, Mohebi, Pishgar, Saeedi Moghaddam, Shams-Beyranvand) Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abbastabar) Department of Health, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Afarideh, Esteghamati, Ganji) Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Anjomshoa, Mousavi) Department of Health Management and Economics, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ebrahimi) Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Disease Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Eskandarieh, Mohajer, Sahraian) Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Esteghamati) Endocrine Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Hafezi-Nejad) School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Haj-Mirzaian) Department of Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Hosseini, Mansournia, Yaseri) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Kasaeian) Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Majdzadeh) Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Malekzadeh, Pourshams, Poustchi, Roshandel, Sepanlou) Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Mohebi, Sajadi) Iran National Institute of Health Research, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Nahvijou, Shirkoohi) Cancer Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Nowroozi, Pishgar) Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Rahimi-Movaghar) Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Rahimi-Movaghar, Safdarian, Salamati, Sharif-Alhoseini) Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Seyedmousavi) Center of Expertise in Microbiology, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Shirkoohi) Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Sobhani) Department of Anatomy, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Kasaeian) Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Majdzadeh) Community-Based Participatory-Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abbasi) Montreal Neuroimaging Center, Canada (Fereshtehnejad) Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (Abd-Allah, Abdelalim) Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (Abdollahpour) Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abdollahpour) Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abdulkader) Department of Statistics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India (Abebe) Human Nutrition Department, Gondar, Ethiopia (Alene, Dadi, Melku, Muche, Muchie, Tilahun) Institute of Public Health, Gondar, Ethiopia (Biadgo) Department of Clinical Chemistry, Gondar, Ethiopia (Zeleke) Department of Medical Parasitology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Abera, Belachew) School of Public Health, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Abraha, Kassa, Weldegwergs) Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Degefa, Kahsay) Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Gebre, Gebremichael, Yimer) School of Pharmacy, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Gezae) Department of Biostatistics, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Hagos) Anatomy Unit, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Hailu) Biomedical Sciences Division, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Mengistu) School of Medicine, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Zenebe) Department of Midwifery, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Tassew, 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Course, Geneva, Switzerland (Elkout) Health Information, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland (Briko) Committee for Comprehensive Assessment of Medical D... [Ovid has truncated this field to avoid Excel character limitations] | Issue Date: | 14-Nov-2018 | Copyright year: | 2018 | Publisher: | Lancet Publishing Group Lancet Publishing Group (E-mail: cususerv@lancet.com) |
Place of publication: | United Kingdom | Publication information: | The Lancet. 392 (10159) (pp 1789-1858), 2018. Date of Publication: 10 Nov 2018. | Journal: | The Lancet | Abstract: | Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. Method(s): We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. Finding(s): Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3.9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3.1-4.6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7.2% (6.0-8.4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7.9% (6.6-9.2) for males and 6.5% (5.4-7.7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs 1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]). Interpretation(s): Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury.Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. | DOI: | http://monash.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2818%2932279-7 | PubMed URL: | 30496104 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=30496104] | ISSN: | 0140-6736 | URI: | https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/26801 | Type: | Article |
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