Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

Rabiee R.H.S.; Kan H.; Karch A.; Karimkhani C.; Kaul A.; Keiyoro P.N.; Lyons R.A.; Keren A.; Khader Y.S.; Khan E.A.; Khang Y.H.; Won S.; Khera S.; Tavakkoli M.; Khoja T.A.M.; Khubchandani J.; Kim C.; Kim D.; Kim Y.J.; Skogen J.C.; Savic M.; Kokubo Y.; Kolte D.; McGarvey S.T.; Kosen S.; Koul P.A.; Koyanagi A.; Kravchenko M.; Varakin Y.Y.; Kuate Defo B.; Kucuk Bicer B.; Kudom A.A.; Polinder S.; Kuipers E.J.; Lallukka T.; Shiri R.; Meretoja T.J.; Lam H.; Lam J.O.; Nachega J.B.; Tran B.X.; Langan S.M.; McKee M.; Lavados P.M.; Leasher J.L.; Leung R.; Levi M.; Li Y.; Liang J.; Liu Y.; Phillips M.R.; Lloyd B.K.; Logroscino G.; Looker K.J.; Lunevicius R.; Mackay M.T.; Magdy Abd El Razek M.; Mahdavi M.; Marcenes W.; Meaney P.A.; Margolis D.J.; Martinez-Raga J.; McMahon B.J.; Mehari A.; Tedla B.A.; Memiah P.; Memish Z.A.; Mendoza W.; Mhimbira F.A.; Miller T.R.; Mills E.J.; Mohammadi A.; Monasta L.; Montico M.; Ronfani L.; Morawska L.; Norman R.E.; Werdecker A.; Mueller U.O.; Westerman R.; Paternina Caicedo A.J.; Murdoch M.E.; Seedat S.; Wiysonge C.S.; Nagel G.; Rothenbacher D.; Naheed A.; Naldi L.; Nangia V.; Ngalesoni F.N.; Nguyen Q.L.; Nkamedjie Pete P.M.; Nolla J.M.; Nunes B.P.; Ogbo F.A.; Oh I.; Ohkubo T.; Olivares P.R.; Olusanya B.O.; Olusanya J.O.; Ortiz A.; Ota E.; Park E.; Passos V.M.D.A.; Patten S.B.; Tonelli M.; Pereira D.M.; Perez-Padilla R.; Pesudovs K.; Pillay J.D.; Plass D.; Platts-Mills J.A.; Pond C.D.; Prasad N.M.; Qorbani M.; Radfar A.; Rafay A.; Rahman M.; Rahman S.U.; Rai R.K.; Rajsic S.; Refaat A.H.; Ribeiro A.L.; Rojas-Rueda D.; Roy A.; Sagar R.; Satpathy M.; Tandon N.; Sahathevan R.; Sanabria J.R.; Sanchez-Nino M.D.; Sarmiento-Suarez R.; Sartorius B.; Sawhney M.; Schaub M.P.; Schneider I.J.C.; Silva D.A.S.; Schottker B.; Schwebel D.C.; Singh J.A.; Shaheen A.; Shaikh M.A.; Sharma R.; Sharma U.; Shin M.; Yoon S.; Sigfusdottir I.D.; Silveira D.G.A.; Singh O.P.; Singh P.K.; Soreide K.; Sliwa K.; Stein D.J.; Soriano J.B.; Sposato L.A.; Sreeramareddy C.T.; Stathopoulou V.; Stovner L.J.; Steinke S.; Stroumpoulis K.; Sunguya B.F.; Swaminathan S.; Sykes B.L.; Tabares-Seisdedos R.; Takala J.S.; Tanne D.; Terkawi A.S.; Tuzcu E.M.; Thomson A.J.; Thurston G.D.; Tobe-Gai R.; Topor-Madry R.; Topouzis F.; Truelsen T.; Tsala Dimbuene Z.; Tsilimbaris M.; Tyrovolas S.; Ukwaja K.N.; Uneke C.J.; Uthman O.A.; van Gool C.H.; Vasankari T.; Venketasubramanian N.; Violante F.S.; Vladimirov S.K.; Vlassov V.V.; Waller S.G.; Weichenthal S.; White R.A.; Williams H.C.; Wubshet M.; Xavier D.; Xu G.; Yan L.L.; Yano Y.; Yip P.; Yonemoto N.; Younis M.Z.; Yu C.; Zaidi Z.; Zaki M.E.; Zeeb H.; Zuhlke L.J.; Vos T.; Allen C.; Arora M.; Barber R.M.; Brown A.; Carter A.; Casey D.C.; Charlson F.J.; Chen A.Z.; Coggeshall M.; Cornaby L.; Dandona L.; Dicker D.J.; Dilegge T.; Erskine H.E.; Ferrari A.J.; Fitzmaurice C.; Fleming T.; Forouzanfar M.H.; Fullman N.; Goldberg E.M.; Graetz N.; Haagsma J.A.; Hay S.I.; Johnson C.O.; Kassebaum N.J.; Kawashima T.; Kemmer L.; Khalil I.A.; Kyu H.H.; Leung J.; Lim S.S.; Lopez A.D.; Marczak L.; Mokdad A.H.; Naghavi M.; Nguyen G.; Nsoesie E.; Olsen H.; Pigott D.M.; Pinho C.; Rankin Z.; Reinig N.; Sandar L.; Smith A.; Stanaway J.; Steiner C.; Teeple S.; Thomas B.A.; Troeger C.; Wagner J.A.; Wang H.; Wanga V.; Whiteford H.A.; Zoeckler L.; Alexander L.T.; Anderson G.M.; Bell B.; Bienhoff K.; Biryukov S.; Blore J.; Brown J.; Coates M.M.; Daoud F.; Estep K.; Foreman K.; Fox J.; Friedman J.; Frostad J.; Godwin W.W.; Hancock J.; Huynh C.; Iannarone M.; Kim P.; Kutz M.; Masiye F.; Millear A.; Mirarefin M.; Mooney M.D.; Moradi-Lakeh M.; Mullany E.; Mumford J.E.; Ng M.; Rao P.; Reitsma M.B.; Reynolds A.; Roth G.A.; Shackelford K.A.; Sivonda A.; Sligar A.; Sorensen R.J.D.; Sur P.; Vollset S.E.; Woodbrook R.; Zhou M.; Murray C.J.L.; Ellenbogen R.G.; Kotsakis G.A.; Mock C.N.; Anderson B.O.; Futran N.D.; Jensen P.N.; Watkins D.A.; Bhutta Z.A.; Nisar M.I.; Akseer N.; Abajobir A.A.; Knibbs L.D.; Lalloo R.; Scott J.G.; Alam N.K.M.; Gouda H.N.; Guo Y.; McGrath J.J.; Jeemon P.; Dandona R.; Kumar G.A.; Gething P.W.; Bisanzio D.; Deribew A.; Ali R.; Bennett D.A.; Rahimi K.; Kinfu Y.; Duan L.; Liu S.; Jin Y.; Wang L.; Ye P.; Liang X.; Azzopardi P.; Gibney K.B.; Meretoja A.; Alam K.; Borschmann R.; Colquhoun S.M.; Patton G.C.; Weintraub R.G.; Szoeke C.E.I.; Ademi Z.; Taylor H.R.; Lozano R.; Campos-Nonato I.R.; Campuzano J.C.; Gomez-Dantes H.; Heredia-Pi I.B.; Mejia-Rodriguez F.; Montanez Hernandez J.C.; Rios Blancas M.J.; Servan-Mori E.E.; Mensah G.A.; Salomon J.A.; Thorne-Lyman A.L.; Ajala O.N.; Barnighausen T.; Ding E.L.; Farvid M.S.; Wagner G.R.; Osman M.; Shrime M.G.; Fitchett J.R.A.; Abate K.H.; Gebrehiwot T.T.; Gebremedhin A.T.; Abbafati C.; Abbas K.M.; Abd-Allah F.; Abraham B.; Abubakar I.; Banerjee A.; Benzian H.; Abu-Raddad L.J.; Abu-Rmeileh N.M.; Ackerman I.N.; Buchbinder R.; Gabbe B.; Thrift A.G.; Adebiyi A.O.; Akinyemi R.O.; Adou A.K.; Afanvi K.A.; Agardh E.E.; Badawi A.; Popova S.; Agarwal A.; Ahmad Kiadaliri A.; Norrving B.; Ahmadieh H.; Yaseri M.; Jahanmehr N.; Al-Aly Z.; Driscoll T.R.; Kemp A.H.; Leigh J.; Mekonnen A.B.; Aldhahri S.F.; Altirkawi K.A.; Alegretti M.A.; Alemu Z.A.; Alhabib S.; Alkerwi A.; Alla F.; Guillemin F.; Allebeck P.; Carrero J.J.; Fereshtehnejad S.M.; Weiderpass E.; Havmoeller R.; Al-Raddadi R.; Alsharif U.; Alvis-Guzman N.; Amare A.T.; Melaku Y.A.; Ciobanu L.G.; Amberbir A.; Amini H.; Karema C.K.; Ammar W.; Harb H.L.; Amrock S.M.; Andersen H.H.; Antonio C.A.T.; Aregay A.F.; Betsu B.D.; Hailu G.B.; Yebyo H.G.; Arnlov J.; Larsson A.; Artaman A.; Asayesh H.; Assadi R.; Atique S.; Avokpaho E.F.G.A.; Awasthi A.; Ayala Quintanilla B.P.; Bacha U.; Balakrishnan K.; Barac A.; Barker-Collo S.L.; Mohammed S.; Barregard L.; Petzold M.; Barrero L.H.; Basu A.; Bazargan-Hejazi S.; Beghi E.; Sheth K.N.; Bell M.L.; Huang J.J.; Santos I.S.; Bensenor I.M.; Lotufo P.A.; Berhane A.; Wolfe C.D.; Bernabe E.; Hay R.J.; Roba H.S.; Beyene A.S.; Bhala N.; Piel F.B.; Steiner T.J.; Bhatt S.; Greaves F.; Majeed A.; Soljak M.; Biadgilign S.; Bikbov B.; Bjertness E.; Htet A.S.; Boufous S.; Degenhardt L.; Resnikoff S.; Calabria B.; Mitchell P.B.; Brainin M.; Brazinova A.; Majdan M.; Lo W.D.; Shen J.; Breitborde N.J.K.; Buckle G.C.; Butt Z.A.; Lal A.; Carabin H.; Cardenas R.; Carpenter D.O.; Castaneda-Orjuela C.A.; Castillo Rivas J.; Catala-Lopez F.; Chang J.; Chiang P.P.; Chibueze C.E.; Chisumpa V.H.; Choi J.J.; Chowdhury R.; Christensen H.; Christopher D.J.; Cirillo M.; Cooper C.; Cortinovis Biotech M.D.; Giussani Biol G.; Perico D.N.; Remuzzi G.; Crump J.A.; Derrett S.; Poulton R.G.; Damtew S.A.; Deribe K.; Hailu A.D.; Giref A.Z.; Haile D.; Jibat T.; Taye B.; Dargan P.I.; das Neves J.; Massano J.; Santos J.V.; Davey G.; Davis A.C.; Newton J.N.; Steel N.; De Leo D.; Del Gobbo L.C.; Dellavalle R.P.; Des Jarlais D.C.; Dharmaratne S.D.; Dhillon P.K.; Ganguly P.; Zodpey S.; Diaz-Torne C.; Dubey M.; Rahman M.H.U.; Ram U.; Singh A.; Verma R.K.; Yadav A.K.; Duncan B.B.; Kieling C.; Schmidt M.I.; Ebrahimi H.; Pishgar F.; Farzadfar F.; Kasaeian A.; Parsaeian M.; Heydarpour P.; Malekzadeh R.; Roshandel G.; Sepanlou S.G.; Rahimi-Movaghar V.; Elyazar I.; Endres M.; Endries A.Y.; Ermakov S.P.; Eshrati B.; Farid T.A.; Khan A.R.; Farinha C.S.E.S.; Faro A.; Feigin V.L.; Te Ao B.J.; Kwan G.F.; Felson D.T.; Fernandes J.G.; Fernandes J.C.; Fischer F.; Shiue I.; Fowkes F.G.R.; Franklin R.C.; Furst T.; Iyer V.J.; Gankpe F.G.; Gebre T.; Geleijnse J.M.; Gessner B.D.; Ginawi I.A.; Giroud M.; Gishu M.D.; Tura A.K.; Glaser E.; Halasa Y.A.; Shepard D.S.; Undurraga E.A.; Gona P.; Goodridge A.; Gopalani S.V.; Gotay C.C.; Kissoon N.; Kopec J.A.; Pourmalek F.; Goto A.; Inoue M.; Grainger R.; Gupta R.; Gupta V.; Gutierrez R.A.; Knudsen A.K.; Norheim O.F.; Hamadeh R.R.; Hamidi S.; Hammami M.; Handal A.J.; Hankey G.J.; Hao Y.; Harikrishnan S.; Haro J.M.; Hoek H.W.; Skirbekk V.; Horino M.; Horita N.; Hosgood H.D.; Hoy D.G.; Huang H.; Iburg K.M.; Innos K.; Kawakami N.; Shibuya K.; Jacobsen K.H.; Jakovljevic M.B.; Javanbakht M.; Jayaraman S.P.; Jayatilleke A.U.; Jee S.H.; Prabhakaran D.; Jiang Y.; Jimenez-Corona A.; Jonas J.B.; Kabir Z.; Kalkonde Y.; Kamal R.; Kesavachandran C.N.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/27031

Title:	Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
Authors:	Rabiee R.H.S.;Kan H.;Karch A.;Karimkhani C.;Kaul A.;Keiyoro P.N.;Lyons R.A.;Keren A.;Khader Y.S.;Khan E.A.;Khang Y.H.;Won S.;Khera S.;Tavakkoli M.;Khoja T.A.M.;Khubchandani J.;Kim C.;Kim D.;Kim Y.J.;Skogen J.C.;Savic M.;Kokubo Y.;Kolte D.;McGarvey S.T.;Kosen S.;Koul P.A.;Koyanagi A.;Kravchenko M.;Varakin Y.Y.;Kuate Defo B.;Kucuk Bicer B.;Kudom A.A.;Polinder S.;Kuipers E.J.;Lallukka T.;Shiri R.;Meretoja T.J.;Lam H.;Lam J.O.;Nachega J.B.;Tran B.X.;Langan S.M.;McKee M.;Lavados P.M.;Leasher J.L.;Leung R.;Levi M.;Li Y.;Liang J.;Liu Y.;Phillips M.R.;Lloyd B.K.;Logroscino G.;Looker K.J.;Lunevicius R.;Mackay M.T.;Magdy Abd El Razek M.;Mahdavi M.;Marcenes W.;Meaney P.A.;Margolis D.J.;Martinez-Raga J.;McMahon B.J.;Mehari A.;Tedla B.A.;Memiah P.;Memish Z.A.;Mendoza W.;Mhimbira F.A.;Miller T.R.;Mills E.J.;Mohammadi A.;Monasta L.;Montico M.;Ronfani L.;Morawska L.;Norman R.E.;Werdecker A.;Mueller U.O.;Westerman R.;Paternina Caicedo A.J.;Murdoch M.E.;Seedat S.;Wiysonge C.S.;Nagel G.;Rothenbacher D.;Naheed A.;Naldi L.;Nangia V.;Ngalesoni F.N.;Nguyen Q.L.;Nkamedjie Pete P.M.;Nolla J.M.;Nunes B.P.;Ogbo F.A.;Oh I.;Ohkubo T.;Olivares P.R.;Olusanya B.O.;Olusanya J.O.;Ortiz A.;Ota E.;Park E.;Passos V.M.D.A.;Patten S.B.;Tonelli M.;Pereira D.M.;Perez-Padilla R.;Pesudovs K.;Pillay J.D.;Plass D.;Platts-Mills J.A.;Pond C.D.;Prasad N.M.;Qorbani M.;Radfar A.;Rafay A.;Rahman M.;Rahman S.U.;Rai R.K.;Rajsic S.;Refaat A.H.;Ribeiro A.L.;Rojas-Rueda D.;Roy A.;Sagar R.;Satpathy M.;Tandon N.;Sahathevan R.;Sanabria J.R.;Sanchez-Nino M.D.;Sarmiento-Suarez R.;Sartorius B.;Sawhney M.;Schaub M.P.;Schneider I.J.C.;Silva D.A.S.;Schottker B.;Schwebel D.C.;Singh J.A.;Shaheen A.;Shaikh M.A.;Sharma R.;Sharma U.;Shin M.;Yoon S.;Sigfusdottir I.D.;Silveira D.G.A.;Singh O.P.;Singh P.K.;Soreide K.;Sliwa K.;Stein D.J.;Soriano J.B.;Sposato L.A.;Sreeramareddy C.T.;Stathopoulou V.;Stovner L.J.;Steinke S.;Stroumpoulis K.;Sunguya B.F.;Swaminathan S.;Sykes B.L.;Tabares-Seisdedos R.;Takala J.S.;Tanne D.;Terkawi A.S.;Tuzcu E.M.;Thomson A.J.;Thurston G.D.;Tobe-Gai R.;Topor-Madry R.;Topouzis F.;Truelsen T.;Tsala Dimbuene Z.;Tsilimbaris M.;Tyrovolas S.;Ukwaja K.N.;Uneke C.J.;Uthman O.A.;van Gool C.H.;Vasankari T.;Venketasubramanian N.;Violante F.S.;Vladimirov S.K.;Vlassov V.V.;Waller S.G.;Weichenthal S.;White R.A.;Williams H.C.;Wubshet M.;Xavier D.;Xu G.;Yan L.L.;Yano Y.;Yip P.;Yonemoto N.;Younis M.Z.;Yu C.;Zaidi Z.;Zaki M.E.;Zeeb H.;Zuhlke L.J.;Vos T.;Allen C.;Arora M.;Barber R.M.;Brown A. ;Carter A.;Casey D.C.;Charlson F.J.;Chen A.Z.;Coggeshall M.;Cornaby L.;Dandona L.;Dicker D.J.;Dilegge T.;Erskine H.E.;Ferrari A.J.;Fitzmaurice C.;Fleming T.;Forouzanfar M.H.;Fullman N.;Goldberg E.M.;Graetz N.;Haagsma J.A.;Hay S.I.;Johnson C.O.;Kassebaum N.J.;Kawashima T.;Kemmer L.;Khalil I.A.;Kyu H.H.;Leung J.;Lim S.S.;Lopez A.D.;Marczak L.;Mokdad A.H.;Naghavi M.;Nguyen G.;Nsoesie E.;Olsen H.;Pigott D.M.;Pinho C.;Rankin Z.;Reinig N.;Sandar L.;Smith A.;Stanaway J.;Steiner C.;Teeple S.;Thomas B.A.;Troeger C.;Wagner J.A.;Wang H.;Wanga V.;Whiteford H.A.;Zoeckler L.;Alexander L.T.;Anderson G.M.;Bell B.;Bienhoff K.;Biryukov S.;Blore J.;Brown J. ;Coates M.M.;Daoud F.;Estep K.;Foreman K.;Fox J. ;Friedman J.;Frostad J.;Godwin W.W.;Hancock J.;Huynh C.;Iannarone M.;Kim P.;Kutz M.;Masiye F.;Millear A.;Mirarefin M.;Mooney M.D.;Moradi-Lakeh M.;Mullany E.;Mumford J.E.;Ng M.;Rao P.;Reitsma M.B.;Reynolds A.;Roth G.A.;Shackelford K.A.;Sivonda A.;Sligar A.;Sorensen R.J.D.;Sur P.;Vollset S.E.;Woodbrook R.;Zhou M.;Murray C.J.L.;Ellenbogen R.G.;Kotsakis G.A.;Mock C.N.;Anderson B.O.;Futran N.D.;Jensen P.N.;Watkins D.A.;Bhutta Z.A.;Nisar M.I.;Akseer N.;Abajobir A.A.;Knibbs L.D.;Lalloo R.;Scott J.G.;Alam N.K.M.;Gouda H.N.;Guo Y.;McGrath J.J.;Jeemon P.;Dandona R.;Kumar G.A.;Gething P.W.;Bisanzio D.;Deribew A.;Ali R.;Bennett D.A.;Rahimi K.;Kinfu Y.;Duan L.;Liu S.;Jin Y.;Wang L. ;Ye P.;Liang X.;Azzopardi P.;Gibney K.B.;Meretoja A.;Alam K.;Borschmann R.;Colquhoun S.M.;Patton G.C.;Weintraub R.G.;Szoeke C.E.I.;Ademi Z.;Taylor H.R.;Lozano R.;Campos-Nonato I.R.;Campuzano J.C.;Gomez-Dantes H.;Heredia-Pi I.B.;Mejia-Rodriguez F.;Montanez Hernandez J.C.;Rios Blancas M.J.;Servan-Mori E.E.;Mensah G.A.;Salomon J.A.;Thorne-Lyman A.L.;Ajala O.N.;Barnighausen T.;Ding E.L.;Farvid M.S.;Wagner G.R.;Osman M.;Shrime M.G.;Fitchett J.R.A.;Abate K.H.;Gebrehiwot T.T.;Gebremedhin A.T.;Abbafati C.;Abbas K.M.;Abd-Allah F.;Abraham B.;Abubakar I.;Banerjee A.;Benzian H.;Abu-Raddad L.J.;Abu-Rmeileh N.M.;Ackerman I.N.;Buchbinder R.;Gabbe B.;Thrift A.G. ;Adebiyi A.O.;Akinyemi R.O.;Adou A.K.;Afanvi K.A.;Agardh E.E.;Badawi A.;Popova S.;Agarwal A.;Ahmad Kiadaliri A.;Norrving B.;Ahmadieh H.;Yaseri M.;Jahanmehr N.;Al-Aly Z.;Driscoll T.R.;Kemp A.H.;Leigh J.;Mekonnen A.B.;Aldhahri S.F.;Altirkawi K.A.;Alegretti M.A.;Alemu Z.A.;Alhabib S.;Alkerwi A.;Alla F.;Guillemin F.;Allebeck P.;Carrero J.J.;Fereshtehnejad S.M.;Weiderpass E.;Havmoeller R.;Al-Raddadi R.;Alsharif U.;Alvis-Guzman N.;Amare A.T.;Melaku Y.A.;Ciobanu L.G.;Amberbir A.;Amini H.;Karema C.K.;Ammar W.;Harb H.L.;Amrock S.M.;Andersen H.H.;Antonio C.A.T.;Aregay A.F.;Betsu B.D.;Hailu G.B.;Yebyo H.G.;Arnlov J.;Larsson A.;Artaman A.;Asayesh H.;Assadi R.;Atique S.;Avokpaho E.F.G.A.;Awasthi A.;Ayala Quintanilla B.P.;Bacha U.;Balakrishnan K.;Barac A.;Barker-Collo S.L.;Mohammed S.;Barregard L.;Petzold M.;Barrero L.H.;Basu A.;Bazargan-Hejazi S.;Beghi E.;Sheth K.N.;Bell M.L.;Huang J.J.;Santos I.S.;Bensenor I.M.;Lotufo P.A.;Berhane A.;Wolfe C.D.;Bernabe E.;Hay R.J.;Roba H.S.;Beyene A.S.;Bhala N.;Piel F.B.;Steiner T.J.;Bhatt S.;Greaves F.;Majeed A.;Soljak M.;Biadgilign S.;Bikbov B.;Bjertness E.;Htet A.S.;Boufous S.;Degenhardt L.;Resnikoff S.;Calabria B.;Mitchell P.B.;Brainin M.;Brazinova A.;Majdan M.;Lo W.D.;Shen J.;Breitborde N.J.K.;Buckle G.C.;Butt Z.A.;Lal A.;Carabin H.;Cardenas R.;Carpenter D.O.;Castaneda-Orjuela C.A.;Castillo Rivas J.;Catala-Lopez F.;Chang J.;Chiang P.P.;Chibueze C.E.;Chisumpa V.H.;Choi J.J.;Chowdhury R.;Christensen H.;Christopher D.J.;Cirillo M.;Cooper C.;Cortinovis Biotech M.D.;Giussani Biol G.;Perico D.N.;Remuzzi G.;Crump J.A.;Derrett S.;Poulton R.G.;Damtew S.A.;Deribe K.;Hailu A.D.;Giref A.Z.;Haile D.;Jibat T.;Taye B.;Dargan P.I.;das Neves J.;Massano J.;Santos J.V.;Davey G.;Davis A.C.;Newton J.N.;Steel N.;De Leo D.;Del Gobbo L.C.;Dellavalle R.P.;Des Jarlais D.C.;Dharmaratne S.D.;Dhillon P.K.;Ganguly P.;Zodpey S.;Diaz-Torne C.;Dubey M.;Rahman M.H.U.;Ram U.;Singh A. ;Verma R.K.;Yadav A.K.;Duncan B.B.;Kieling C.;Schmidt M.I.;Ebrahimi H.;Pishgar F.;Farzadfar F.;Kasaeian A.;Parsaeian M.;Heydarpour P.;Malekzadeh R.;Roshandel G.;Sepanlou S.G.;Rahimi-Movaghar V.;Elyazar I.;Endres M.;Endries A.Y.;Ermakov S.P.;Eshrati B.;Farid T.A.;Khan A.R.;Farinha C.S.E.S.;Faro A.;Feigin V.L.;Te Ao B.J.;Kwan G.F.;Felson D.T.;Fernandes J.G.;Fernandes J.C.;Fischer F.;Shiue I.;Fowkes F.G.R.;Franklin R.C.;Furst T.;Iyer V.J.;Gankpe F.G.;Gebre T.;Geleijnse J.M.;Gessner B.D.;Ginawi I.A.;Giroud M.;Gishu M.D.;Tura A.K.;Glaser E.;Halasa Y.A.;Shepard D.S.;Undurraga E.A.;Gona P.;Goodridge A.;Gopalani S.V.;Gotay C.C.;Kissoon N.;Kopec J.A.;Pourmalek F.;Goto A.;Inoue M.;Grainger R.;Gupta R.;Gupta V.;Gutierrez R.A.;Knudsen A.K.;Norheim O.F.;Hamadeh R.R.;Hamidi S.;Hammami M.;Handal A.J.;Hankey G.J.;Hao Y.;Harikrishnan S.;Haro J.M.;Hoek H.W.;Skirbekk V.;Horino M.;Horita N.;Hosgood H.D.;Hoy D.G.;Huang H.;Iburg K.M.;Innos K.;Kawakami N.;Shibuya K.;Jacobsen K.H.;Jakovljevic M.B.;Javanbakht M.;Jayaraman S.P.;Jayatilleke A.U.;Jee S.H.;Prabhakaran D.;Jiang Y.;Jimenez-Corona A.;Jonas J.B.;Kabir Z.;Kalkonde Y.;Kamal R.;Kesavachandran C.N.
Institution:	(Vos, Allen, Arora, Barber, Brown, Carter, Casey, Charlson, Chen, Coggeshall, Cornaby, Dandona, Dicker, Dilegge, Erskine, Ferrari, Fitzmaurice, Fleming, Forouzanfar, Fullman, Goldberg, Graetz, Haagsma, Hay, Johnson, Kassebaum, Kawashima, Kemmer, Khalil, Kyu, Leung, Lim, Lopez, Marczak, Mokdad, Naghavi, Nguyen, Nsoesie, Olsen, Pigott, Pinho, Rankin, Reinig, Sandar, Smith, Stanaway, Steiner, Teeple, Thomas, Troeger, Wagner, Wang, Wanga, Whiteford, Zoeckler, Alexander, Anderson, Bell, Bienhoff, Biryukov, Blore, Brown, Coates, Daoud, Estep, Foreman, Fox, Friedman, Frostad, Godwin, Hancock, Huynh, Iannarone, Kim, Kutz, Masiye, Millear, Mirarefin, Mooney, Moradi-Lakeh, Mullany, Mumford, Ng, Rao, Reitsma, Reynolds, Roth, Shackelford, Sivonda, Sligar, Sorensen, Sur, Vollset, Woodbrook, Zhou, Murray) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States (Ellenbogen) Harborview/UW Medicine, United States (Kotsakis, Lalloo) School of Dentistry, United States (Mock) Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, United States (Anderson, Futran, Jensen, Watkins) University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Bhutta) Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Pakistan (Nisar) Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Bhutta, Akseer) Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (Charlson, Erskine, Ferrari, Leung, Whiteford, Abajobir, Knibbs, Jahanmehr, Melaku, Deribe, Hailu, Kawakami) School of Public Health, Australia (Scott) Centre for Clinical Research, Australia (Alam, Gouda, Guo, McGrath) The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Charlson, Erskine, Ferrari, Leung, Whiteford) Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Jeemon) Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, India (Dandona, Dandona, Kumar) Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India (Gething) Department of Zoology, India (Bisanzio, Deribew) Nuffield Department of Medicine, United Kingdom (Hay) Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, United Kingdom (Ali, Bennett, Rahimi) University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Kinfu) Centre for Research & Action in Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Zhou, Duan, Li, Liu, Jin, Wang, Ye) National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, China (Liang) Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Lopez) BeijingChina Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Australia (Azzopardi) Department of Paediatrics, Australia (Gibney) The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Australia (Meretoja) Department of Medicine, Australia (Azzopardi, Alam, Borschmann, Colquhoun, Patton, Weintraub) Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia (Szoeke) Institute of Health and Ageing, Australia (Alam, Borschmann, Colquhoun, Weintraub, Ademi, Taylor) The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Lozano, Campos-Nonato, Campuzano, Gomez-Dantes, Heredia-Pi, Mejia-Rodriguez, Montanez Hernandez, Rios Blancas, Servan-Mori) National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Mensah) Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States (Salomon) Department of Global Health and Population, United States (Thorne-Lyman) Department of Nutrition, United States (Campos-Nonato, Ajala, Barnighausen, Ding, Farvid, Wagner) Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, United States (Osman, Shrime) Harvard Medical School, United States (Fitchett) Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Abate, Gebrehiwot, Gebremedhin) Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Abbafati) La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Abbas) Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States (Abd-Allah) Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (Abraham) NMSM Government College Kalpetta, Kerala, India (Abubakar) Institute for Global Health, United Kingdom (Banerjee) Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, United Kingdom (Benzian, Furst, Amini) Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, United Kingdom (Abu-Raddad) University College London, London, United Kingdom (Abu-Raddad) Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar (Abu-Rmeileh) Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine (Ackerman, Buchbinder) Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Australia (Gabbe) School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Australia (Thrift) Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Australia (Adebiyi) Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Akinyemi) University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Adebiyi) University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (Ademi, Furst) University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Adou) Association Ivoirienne pour le Bien-Etre Familial, Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire (Afanvi) Direction du District Sanitaire de Haho, Notse, Togo (Afanvi) Faculte des Sciences de Sante, Universite de Lome, Lome, Togo (Agardh) Institution of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden (Akseer) Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Canada (Badawi) Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Canada (Popova) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada (Agarwal) University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Agarwal) McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (Ahmad Kiadaliri) Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Sweden (Norrving) Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sweden (Ahmad Kiadaliri) Lund University, Lund, Sweden Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ahmadieh, Yaseri) Ophthalmic Research Center, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ahmadieh) Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ahmadieh) Department of Ophthalmology, Labbafi nejad Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ajala) University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, McKeesport, PA, United States (Akinyemi) Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (Al-Aly) Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, United States (Driscoll) Sydney School of Public Health, Australia (Alam, Kemp, Leigh, Mekonnen) The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Alam) Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Aldhahri, Altirkawi) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Aldhahri) King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Alegretti) Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay (Alemu) Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia (Alhabib) King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Alkerwi) StrassenLuxembourg (Alla, Guillemin) School of Public Health, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (Allebeck, Rabiee) Department of Public Health Sciences, Sweden (Carrero) Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Sweden (Fereshtehnejad) Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society NVS, Sweden (Weiderpass) Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sweden (Havmoeller) Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Al-Raddadi) Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Alsharif) Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Alvis-Guzman) Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia (Amare, Melaku, Sheth, Kwan) School of Medicine, Australia (Ciobanu) University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (Amare) College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Amberbir) Dignitas International, Zomba, Malawi (Amini) Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Karema) Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (Ammar, Harb) Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon (Amrock) Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States (Andersen) Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Antonio) Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines (Aregay, Betsu, Hailu, Yebyo) Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Arnlov, Larsson) Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (Arnlov) Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden (Artaman) Consultant, Windsor, ON, Canada (Asayesh) Department of Medical Emergency, School of Paramedic, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Assadi) Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Atique) Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China) (Avokpaho) Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin, Cotonou, Benin (Avokpaho) Parakou, Benin (Awasthi) Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India (Ayala Quintanilla) The Judith Lumley Centre for Mother, Infant and Family Health Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Ayala Quintanilla) Peruvian National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru (Azzopardi) Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia (Bacha) School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan (Badawi) Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada (Balakrishnan) Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India (Barac) Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Barker-Collo) School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (Barnighausen) Africa Health Research Institute, Mtubatuba, South Africa (Barnighausen, Mohammed) Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Barregard) Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sweden (Petzold) Health Metrics Unit, Sweden (Barrero) University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (Barrero) Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontifi cia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia (Basu) School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand (Bazargan-Hejazi) College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States (Bazargan-Hejazi) David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States (Bazargan-Hejazi) Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Beghi) IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (Bell, Huang) Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States (Santos) Internal Medicine Department, Brazil (Bensenor, Lotufo) University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Benzian) Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, College of Dentistry, United States (Berhane) New York University, New York, NY, United States (Berhane) Debre Berhane University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Wolfe) Division of Health and Social Care Research, United Kingdom (Bernabe, Hay) King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Roba) College of Health and Medical Sciences, Ethiopia (Beyene) Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (Bhala) Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (Bhala) University of Otago Medical School, Wellington, New Zealand (Furst, Furst) Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, United Kingdom (Piel) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United Kingdom (Steiner) Division of Brain Sciences, United Kingdom (Bhatt, Greaves, Majeed, Soljak) Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (Biadgilign) Independent Public Health Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bikbov) Department of Nephrology Issues of Transplanted Kidney, Academician V I Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artifi cial Organs, Moscow, Russian Federation (Bjertness) Department of Community Medicine, Norway (Htet) University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Boufous) Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research, Australia (Degenhardt) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Australia (Resnikoff) Brien Holden Vision Institute, Australia (Calabria, Mitchell) University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia (Brainin) Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria (Brazinova, Majdan) Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia (Brazinova) International Neurotrauma Research Organization, Vienna, Austria (Lo) Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, United States (Adebiyi, Shen, Khang) College of Medicine, United States (Breitborde) The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States (Buchbinder) Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Buckle) University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States (Butt) Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan (Calabria, Lal) National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Carabin) Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States (Cardenas) Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico (Carpenter) University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, United States (Castaneda-Orjuela) Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia (Castaneda-Orjuela) Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, Public Health Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (Castillo Rivas) Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San Jose, Costa Rica (Castillo Rivas) Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica (Catala-Lopez) Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM Valencia, Spain (Catala-Lopez) Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (Chang) School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China) (Chiang) Clinical Governance Unit, Gold Coast Health, Southport, QLD, Australia (Chibueze) National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan (Masiye, Chisumpa) University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia (Chisumpa) University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (Choi) Seoul National University Medical Library, Seoul, South Korea (Chowdhury) Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Christensen) Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (Christopher) Christian Medical College, Vellore, India (Cirillo) University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy (Cooper) MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (Cooper) NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom (Cortinovis Biotech, Giussani Biol, Perico, Remuzzi) IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy (Crump) Centre for International Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, New Zealand (Derrett) Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, New Zealand (Poulton) University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (Damtew) Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia (Damtew, Giref, Haile, Jibat, Taye) Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Dargan) Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (das Neves) i3S - Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Portugal (Massano, Santos) Faculty of Medicine, Portugal (Davey) University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Davey) Wellcome Trust Brighton & Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton, United Kingdom (Greaves, Davis, Newton, Steel) Public Health England, London, United Kingdom (De Leo) Griffi th University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Del Gobbo) Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States (Dellavalle) University of Colorado School of Medicine and the Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States (Deribe) Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom (Deribew) KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya (Des Jarlais) Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, United States (Des Jarlais) Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States (Dharmaratne) Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (Dhillon, Ganguly, Zodpey) Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India (Diaz-Torne) Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dubey, Rahman, Ram, Singh, Verma, Yadav) International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India (Duncan, Kieling, Schmidt) Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Duncan) University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States (Ebrahimi, Pishgar, Farzadfar, Kasaeian, Parsaeian) Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ebrahimi) Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Heydarpour) Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Kasaeian) Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Malekzadeh, Roshandel, Sepanlou) Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Parsaeian, Yu) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Pishgar) Uro-Oncology Research Center, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Rahimi-Movaghar) Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Yaseri) Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Elyazar) Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia (Endres) Charite University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Endries) Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia (Ermakov) The Institute of Social and Economic Studies of Population, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation (Ermakov) Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation (Eshrati) Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Eshrati) Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Farid, Khan) University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States (Farinha) DGS Directorate General of Health, Lisboa, Portugal (Farinha) Universidade Aberta, Lisboa, Portugal (Faro) Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil (Farvid) Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States (Feigin) National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, New Zealand (Te Ao) Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Felson) Boston University, Boston, MA, United States (Fernandes) Institute of Education and Sciences, German Hospital Oswaldo Cruz, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Fernandes) Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (Fischer) Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany (Shiue) Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, United Kingdom (Fowkes) University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Franklin) James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia (Ganguly, Iyer) Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, India (Gankpe) Leras Afrique, Cotonou, Benin (Gankpe) CHU Hassan II, Fes, Morocco (Gebre) The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, United States (Gebremedhin) Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (Geleijnse) Division of Human Nutrition, Netherlands (Jibat) Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (Gessner) Agence de Medecine Preventive, Paris, France (Gibney) The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Ginawi) College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia (Giroud) University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (Gishu, Tura) Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia (Gishu) Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Harar, Ethiopia (Glaser) Heller School for Social Policy and Management, United States (Halasa, Shepard, Undurraga) Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States (Gona) University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States (Goodridge) Instituto de Investigaciones Cientifi cas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia- INDICASAT-AIP, Ciudad del Saber, Panama (Gopalani) Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia (Gotay, Kissoon, Kopec, Pourmalek) University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Goto) Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, Japan (Inoue) National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan (Grainger) University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand (Gupta) West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, WV, United States (Gupta) Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India (Gupta) Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India (Gutierrez) National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico (Vollset, Knudsen) Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Norway (Hailu, Norheim) University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Hailu) Kilte Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Hamadeh) Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain (Hamidi) Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Hammami) Wayne County Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, United States (Handal) University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States (Hankey) School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia (Hankey) Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia (Hankey) Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia (Hao) School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Harikrishnan) Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India (Haro) Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu - CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain (Haro) Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Hay) International Foundation for Dermatology, London, United Kingdom (Hoek) Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands (Tura) University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (Hoek) Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, United States (Skirbekk) Columbia University, New York, NY, United States (Horino) Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Carson City, NV, United States (Horita) Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (Hosgood) Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States (Hoy) Public Health Division, The Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia (Htet) International Relations Division, Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar (Huang) Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States (Iburg) Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Innos) National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia (Inoue) Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (Shibuya) University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Jacobsen) Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States (Jakovljevic) Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (Javanbakht) University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom (Jayaraman) Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States (Jayatilleke) Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka (Jayatilleke) Institute of Violence and Injury Prevention, Colombo, Sri Lanka (Jee) Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea (Jeemon, Prabhakaran) Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India (Jiang) Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan (Jimenez-Corona) Department of Ocular Epidemiology and Visual Health, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valencia, Mexico City, Mexico (Jimenez-Corona) General Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico (Jonas) Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Kabir) University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (Kalkonde) Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India (Kamal, Kesavachandran) CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India (Kan) Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Karch) Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany (Karch) Hannover-Braunschweig Site, German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany (Karema) Quality and Equity Health Care, Kigali, Rwanda (Karimkhani) Case Western University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States (Kaul) Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, United States (Keiyoro) Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya (Keiyoro) School of Continuing and Distance Education, Nairobi, Kenya (Lyons) Farr Institute, United Kingdom (Kemp) Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom (Keren) Assuta Hospitals, Assuta Hashalom, Tel Aviv, Israel (Khader) Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (Khan) Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan (Won, Nachega) Graduate School of Public Health, United States (Khera, Tavakkoli) Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States (Khoja) Executive Board of the Health Ministers' Council for Cooperation Council States, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Khubchandani) Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States (Kieling) Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Kim) Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Cheongju-si, South Korea (Kim) Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States (Kim) Southern University College, Skudai, Malaysia (Vollset, Knudsen) Centre for Disease Burden, Norway (Skogen) Department of Health Promotion, Norway (Skirbekk, Savic) Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (Kokubo) Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (Kolte) Division of Cardiology, United States (McGarvey) Brown University, Providence, RI, United States (Kosen) Center for Community Empowerment, Health Policy and Humanities, NIHRD, Jakarta, Indonesia (Koul) Sher-i-Kashmir Institue of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India (Koyanagi) BarcelonaSpain (Kravchenko, Varakin) Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation (Kuate Defo) Department of Demography and Public Health Research Institute, Canada (Kuate Defo) Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Canada (Kucuk Bicer) University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada (Kucuk Bicer) Institute of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (Kudom) University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana (Polinder) Department of Public Health, Netherlands (Kuipers) Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (Lallukka, Shiri) Work Organizations, Work Disability Prevention, The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (Lallukka) Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Finland (Meretoja) University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Lam) Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines (Lam, Nachega) Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States (Tran) Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States (Langan, McKee) London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Lavados) Servicio de Neurologia, Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (Leasher) College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States (Leung) State University of New York, Albany, Rensselaer, NY, United States (Levi) Tuscany Regional Centre for Occupational Injuries and Diseases, Florence, Italy (Li) San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States (Liang) National Offi ce for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Liu, Phillips) Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States (Lloyd) Eastern Health Clinical School, Australia (Lloyd) Monash University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (Lloyd) Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Lo) Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States (Logroscino) University of Bari, Bari, Italy (Looker) University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Lunevicius) Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom (Lunevicius) School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (Weintraub, Mackay) Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Magdy Abd El Razek) Aswan University Hospital, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt (Mahdavi) Social Security Organization Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Mahdavi) Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (Marcenes) Division of Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom (Meaney) Perelman School of Medicine, United States (Margolis) University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States (Martinez-Raga) University Hospital Doctor Peset, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (Martinez-Raga) CEU Cardenal Herrera University, Moncada (Valencia), Spain (Massano) Hospital Pedro Hispano/ULS Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal (McMahon) Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, United States (Meaney) Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States (Mehari) College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States (Mekonnen, Tedla) University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Memiah) University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, United States (Memish) Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Memish) College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Mendoza) United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru (Meretoja) Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (Meretoja) Helsinki University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki, Finland (Mhimbira) Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania (Miller) Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States (Miller) Centre for Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia (Mills) University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (Mohammadi) Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Mohammed) Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Monasta, Montico, Ronfani) Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy (Moradi-Lakeh) Department of Community Medicine, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Morawska) International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Australia (Morawska) Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Norman) Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australia (Norman) Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Werdecker) Competence Center Mortality- Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Germany (Mueller, Westerman)... [Ovid has truncated this field to avoid Excel character limitations]
Issue Date:	12-Nov-2016
Copyright year:	2016
Publisher:	Lancet Publishing Group (E-mail: cususerv@lancet.com) Elsevier B.V.
Place of publication:	United Kingdom
Publication information:	The Lancet. 388 (10053) (pp 1545-1602), 2016. Date of Publication: 08 Oct 2016.
Journal:	The Lancet
Abstract:	Background Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, year, and geography with a wide range of updated and standardised analytical procedures. Improvements from GBD 2013 included the addition of new data sources, updates to literature reviews for 85 causes, and the identification and inclusion of additional studies published up to November, 2015, to expand the database used for estimation of non-fatal outcomes to 60 900 unique data sources. Prevalence and incidence by cause and sequelae were determined with DisMod-MR 2.1, an improved version of the DisMod-MR Bayesian meta-regression tool first developed for GBD 2010 and GBD 2013. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies where the complexity of the disease was not suited to DisMod-MR 2.1 or where incidence and prevalence needed to be determined from other data. For GBD 2015 we created a summary indicator that combines measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility (the Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) and used it to compare observed patterns of health loss to the expected pattern for countries or locations with similar SDI scores. Findings We generated 9.3 billion estimates from the various combinations of prevalence, incidence, and YLDs for causes, sequelae, and impairments by age, sex, geography, and year. In 2015, two causes had acute incidences in excess of 1 billion: upper respiratory infections (17.2 billion, 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 15.4-19.2 billion) and diarrhoeal diseases (2.39 billion, 2.30-2.50 billion). Eight causes of chronic disease and injury each affected more than 10% of the world's population in 2015: permanent caries, tension-type headache, iron-deficiency anaemia, age-related and other hearing loss, migraine, genital herpes, refraction and accommodation disorders, and ascariasis. The impairment that affected the greatest number of people in 2015 was anaemia, with 2.36 billion (2.35-2.37 billion) individuals affected. The second and third leading impairments by number of individuals affected were hearing loss and vision loss, respectively. Between 2005 and 2015, there was little change in the leading causes of years lived with disability (YLDs) on a global basis. NCDs accounted for 18 of the leading 20 causes of age-standardised YLDs on a global scale. Where rates were decreasing, the rate of decrease for YLDs was slower than that of years of life lost (YLLs) for nearly every cause included in our analysis. For low SDI geographies, Group 1 causes typically accounted for 20-30% of total disability, largely attributable to nutritional deficiencies, malaria, neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. Lower back and neck pain was the leading global cause of disability in 2015 in most countries. The leading cause was sense organ disorders in 22 countries in Asia and Africa and one in central Latin America; diabetes in four countries in Oceania; HIV/AIDS in three southern sub-Saharan African countries; collective violence and legal intervention in two north African and Middle Eastern countries; iron-deficiency anaemia in Somalia and Venezuela; depression in Uganda; onchoceriasis in Liberia; and other neglected tropical diseases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is increasing the number of people living with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Shifts in the epidemiological profile driven by socioeconomic change also contribute to the continued increase in years lived with disability (YLDs) as well as the rate of increase in YLDs. Despite limitations imposed by gaps in data availability and the variable quality of the data available, the standardised and comprehensive approach of the GBD study provides opportunities to examine broad trends, compare those trends between countries or subnational geographies, benchmark against locations at similar stages of development, and gauge the strength or weakness of the estimates available. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Copyright © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license
DOI:	http://monash.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2816%2931678-6
PubMed URL:	27733282 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=27733282]
ISSN:	0140-6736
URI:	https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/27031
Type:	Article
Type of Clinical Study or Trial:	Systematic review and/or meta-analysis
Appears in Collections:	Articles

Show full item record

Page view(s)

164

checked on Feb 6, 2025

Google Scholar^TM

Check

Page view(s)

Google ScholarTM

Google Scholar^TM