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https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/27380| Title: | Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. | Authors: | Kaul A.;Bhutta Z.A.;Hailu G.B.;Hamadeh R.R.;Hamidi S.;Hammami M.;Handal A.J.;Hankey G.J.;Hao Y.;Harb H.L.;Hareri H.A.;Haro J.M.;Harun K.M.;Harvey J.;Hassanvand M.S.;Havmoeller R.;Hay R.J.;Hedayati M.T.;Hendrie D.;Henry N.J.;Heredia-Pi I.B.;Heydarpour P.;Hoek H.W.;Hofman H.J.;Horino M.;Horita N.;Hosgood H.D.;Hostiuc S.;Hotez P.J.;Hoy D.G.;Htet A.S.;Hu G.;Huang J.J.;Huynh C.;Iburg K.M.;Igumbor E.U.;Ikeda C.;Irvine C.M.S.;Jacobsen K.H.;Jahanmehr N.;Jakovljevic M.B.;James P.;Jassal S.K.;Javanbakht M.;Jayaraman S.P.;Jeemon P.;Jensen P.N.;Jha V.;Jiang G.;John D.;Johnson C.O.;Johnson S.C.;Jonas J.B.;Jurisson M.;Kabir Z.;Kadel R.;Kahsay A.;Kamal R.;Kar C.;Karam N.E.;Karch A.;Karema C.K.;Karimi S.M.;Karimkhani C.;Kasaeian A.;Kassa G.M.;Kassebaum N.J.;Kassaw N.A.;Kastor A.;Katikireddi S.V.;Kawakami N.;Keiyoro P.N.;Kemmer L.;Kengne A.P.;Keren A.;Kesavachandran C.N.;Khader Y.S.;Khalil I.A.;Khan E.A.;Khang Y.-H.;Khoja A.T.;Khosravi A.;Khubchandani J.;Kieling C.;Kim Y.J.;Kim D.;Kimokoti R.W.;Kinfu Y.;Kisa A.;Kissimova-Skarbek K.A.;Kissoon N.;Kivimaki M.;Knudsen A.K.;Kokubo Y.;Kolte D.;Kopec J.A.;Kosen S.;Kotsakis G.A.;Koul P.A.;Koyanagi A.;Kravchenko M.;Krohn K.J.;Defo B.K.;Bicer B.K.;Kumar G.A.;Kumar P.;Kyu H.H.;Lager A.C.J.;Lal D.K.;Lalloo R.;Lallukka T.;Lambert N.;Lan Q.;Lansingh V.C.;Larsson A.;Leasher J.L.;Lee P.H.;Leigh J.;Leshargie C.T.;Leung J.;Leung R.;Levi M.;Li Y.;Liang X.;Liben M.L.;Lim S.S.;Linn S.;Liu A.;Liu P.Y.;Liu S.;Liu Y.;Lodha R.;Logroscino G.;Looker K.J.;Lopez A.D.;Lorkowski S.;Lotufo P.A.;Lozano R.;Lucas T.C.D.;Lunevicius R.;Lyons R.A.;Macarayan E.R.K.;Maddison E.R.;Magdy Abd El Razek H.;Magdy Abd El Razek M.;Magis-Rodriguez C.;Mahdavi M.;Majdan M.;Majdzadeh R.;Majeed A.;Malekzadeh R.;Malhotra R.;Malta D.C.;Mamun A.A.;Manguerra H.;Manhertz T.;Mantovani L.G.;Mapoma C.C.;March L.M.;Marczak L.B.;Martinez-Raga J.;Martins P.H.V.;Martins-Melo F.R.;Martopullo I.;Marz W.;Mathur M.R.;Mazidi M.;McAlinden C.;McGaughey M.;McGrath J.J.;McKee M.;Mehata S.;Meier T.;Meles K.G.;Memiah P.;Memish Z.A.;Mendoza W.;Mengesha M.M.;Mengistie M.A.;Mengistu D.T.;Mensah G.A.;Meretoja A.;Meretoja T.J.;Mezgebe H.B.;Micha R.;Millear A.;Miller T.R.;Minnig S.;Mirarefn M.;Mirrakhimov E.M.;Misganaw A.;Mishra S.R.;Mitchell P.B.;Mohammad K.A.;Mohammadi A.;Mohammed S.;Mohammed K.E.;Mohammed M.S.K.;Mohan M.B.V.;Mokdad A.H.;Mollenkopf S.K.;Monasta L.;Montanez Hernandez J.C.;Montico M.;Moradi-Lakeh M.;Moraga P.;Morawska L.;Mori R.;Morrison S.D.;Moses M.;Mountjoy-Venning C.;Mruts K.B.;Mueller U.O.;Muller K.;Mudoch M.E.;Murthy S.;Murthy G.V.S.;Musa K.I.;Nachega J.B.;Nagel G.;Naghavi M.;Naheed A.;Naidoo K.S.;Nangia V.;Nasher J.T.;Natarajan G.;Negasa D.E.;Negoi I.;Negoi R.I.;Newton C.R.;Ngunjiri J.W.;Nguyen C.T.;Nguyen Q.L.;Nguyen G.;Nguyen T.H.;Nguyen M.;Nichols E.;Ningrum D.N.A.;Nong V.M.;Norheim O.F.;Norrving B.;Noubiap J.J.N.;Nyandwi A.;Obermeyer C.M.;O'Donnell M.J.;Ogbo F.A.;Oh I.-H.;Okoro A.;Oladimeji O.;Olagunju A.T.;Olagunju T.O.;Olsen H.E.;Olusanya B.O.;Olusanya J.O.;Ong K.;Opio J.N.;Oren E.;Ortiz A.;Osborne R.H.;Osgood-Zimmerman A.;Osman M.;Ota E.;Owolabi M.O.;Pa M.;Pacella R.E.;Panda B.K.;Pandian J.D.;Papachristou C.;Park E.-K.;Parry C.D.;Parsaeian M.;Patil S.T.;Patten S.B.;Patton G.C.;Paudel D.;Paulson K.;Pearce N.;Pereira D.M.;Perez K.M.;Perico N.;Pesudovs K.;Peterson C.B.;Petri W.A.;Petzold M.;Phillips M.R.;Phipps G.;Pigott D.M.;Pillay J.D.;Pinho C.;Piradov M.A.;Plass D.;Pletcher M.A.;Popova S.;Poulton R.G.;Pourmalek F.;Prabhakaran D.;Prasad N.;Purcell C.;Purwar M.;Qorbani M.;Rabiee R.H.S.;Radfar A.;Rafay A.;Rahimi K.;Rahimi-Movaghar A.;Rahimi-Movaghar V.;Rahman M.;Rahman M.A.;Rahman M.H.U.;Rai R.K.;Rajsic S.;Ram U.;Ranabhat C.L.;Rangaswamy T.;Rankin Z.;Rao P.V.;Rao P.C.;Rawaf S.;Ray S.E.;Reiner R.C.;Reinig N.;Reitsma M.;Remuzzi G.;Renzaho A.M.N.;Resnikof S.;Rezaei S.;Ribeiro A.L.;Roba H.S.;Robinson S.R.;Rojas-Rueda D.;Rokni M.B.;Ronfani L.;Roshandel G.;Roth G.A.;Rothenbacher D.;Roy A.;Rubagotti E.;Ruhago G.M.;Saadat S.;Safdarian M.;Safri S.;Sagar R.;Sahathevan R.;Sahraian M.A.;Salama J.;Saleh M.M.;Salomon J.A.;Salvi S.S.;Samy A.M.;Sanabria J.R.;Sanchez-Nino M.D.;Santomauro D.;Santos J.V.;Santos I.S.;Santric Milicevic M.M.;Sartorius B.;Satpathy M.;Sawhney M.;Saxena S.;Schelonka K.;Schmidt M.I.;Schneider I.J.C.;Schottker B.;Schutte A.E.;Schwebel D.C.;Schwendicke F.;Seedat S.;Sepanlou S.G.;Servan-Mori E.E.;Shaheen A.;Shaikh M.A.;Shamsipour M.;Shariful Islam S.M.;Sharma R.;Sharma J.;She J.;Shi P.;Shibuya K.;Shields C.;Shiferaw M.S.;Shigematsu M.;Shiri R.;Shirkoohi R.;Shirude S.;Shishani K.;Shoman H.;Siabani S.;Sibai A.M.;Sigfusdottir I.D.;Silberberg D.H.;Silva J.P.;Silva D.A.S.;Silveira D.G.A.;Singh J.A.;Singh V.;Singh O.P.;Singh N.P.;Sinha D.N.;Skiadaresi E.;Skirbekk V.;Slepak E.L.;Smith D.L.;Smith M.;Sobaih B.H.A.;Sobngwi E.;Soljak M.;Sorensen R.J.D.;Sousa T.C.M.;Sposato L.A.;Sreeramareddy C.T.;Srinivasan V.;Stanaway J.D.;Stathopoulou V.;Steel N.;Stein D.J.;Steiner C.;Steinke S.;Stokes M.A.;Stovner L.J.;Strub B.;Subart M.;Sufyan M.B.;Abdulkader R.S.;Sunguya B.F.;Sur P.J.;Swaminathan S.;Sykes B.L.;Sylte D.;Szoeke C.E.I.;Tabares-Seisdedos R.;Tadakamadla S.K.;Tafere G.R.;Takala J.S.;Tandon N.;Tanne D.;Tarekegn Y.L.;Tavakkoli M.;Taveira N.;Taylor H.R.;Tegegne T.K.;Tehrani-Banihashemi A.;Tekelab T.;Temam Shifa G.;Terkawi A.S.;Tesfaye D.J.;Tesssema B.;Thakur J.S.;Thamsuwan O.;Theadom A.M.;Theis A.M.;Thomas K.E.;Thomas N.;Thompson R.;Tobe-Gai R.;Tobollik M.;Tonelli M.;Topor-Madry R.;Tortajada M.;Touvier M.;Traebert J.;Tran B.X.;Troeger C.;Truelsen T.;Tsoi D.;Tuzcu E.M.;Tymeson H.;Tyrovolas S.;Ukwaja K.N.;Undurraga E.A.;Uneke C.J.;Updike R.;Uthman O.A.;Uzochukwu B.S.C.;Van Boven J.F.M.;Varughese S.;Vasankari T.;Veerman L.J.;Venkatesh S.;Venketasubramanian N.;Vidavalur R.;Vijayakumar L.;Violante F.S.;Vishnu A.;Vladimirov S.K.;Vlassov V.V.;Vollset S.E.;Vos T.;Wadilo F.;Wakayo T.;Wallin M.T.;Wang Y.-P.;Weichenthal S.;Weiderpass E.;Weintraub R.G.;Weiss D.J.;Werdecker A.;Westerman R.;Whiteford H.A.;Wijeratne T.;Williams H.C.;Wiysonge C.S.;Woldeyes B.G.;Wolfe C.D.A.;Woodbrook R.;Woolf A.D.;Workicho A.;Xavier D.;Xu G.;Yadgir S.;Yaghoubi M.;Yakob B.;Yan L.L.;Yano Y.;Ye P.;Yihdego M.G.;Yimam H.H.;Yip P.;Yonemoto N.;Yoon S.-J.;Yotebieng M.;Younis M.Z.;Yu C.;Zaidi Z.;Zaki M.E.S.;Zegeye E.A.;Zenebe Z.M.;Zhang X.;Zheng Y.;Zhou M.;Zipkin B.;Zodpey S.;Zoeckler L.;Zuhlke L.J.;Murray C.J.L.;Adedji I.A.;Murdoch M.E.;Bryane C.E.G.;De Courten B. ;Thrift A.G. ;Biadgilign S.;Hay S.I.;Abajobir A.A.;Abate K.H.;Abbafati C.;Abbas K.M.;Abd-Allah F.;Abdulle A.M.;Abebo T.A.;Abera S.F.;Aboyans V.;Abu-Raddad L.J.;Ackerman I.N.;Adedeji I.A.;Adetokunboh O.;Afshin A.;Aggarwal R.;Agrawal S.;Agrawal A.;Kiadaliri A.A.;Ahmed M.B.;Aichour A.N.;Aichour I.;Aichour M.T.E.;Aiyar S.;Akinyemiju T.F.;Akseer N.;Al Lami F.H.;Alahdab F.;Al-Aly Z.;Alam K.;Alam N.;Alam T.;Alasfoor D.;Alene K.A.;Ali R.;Alizadeh-Navaei R.;Alkaabi J.M.;Alkerwi A.;Alla F.;Allebeck P.;Allen C.;Al-Maskari F.;Almazroa M.A.;Al-Raddadi R.;Alsharif U.;Alsowaidi S.;Althouse B.M.;Altirkawi K.A.;Alvis-Guzman N.;Amare A.T.;Amini E.;Ammar W.;Amoako Y.A.;Ansha M.G.;Antonio C.A.T.;Anwari P.;Arnlov J.;Arora M.;Artaman A.;Aryal K.K.;Asgedom S.W.;Atey T.M.;Atnafu N.T.;Avila-Burgos L.;Arthur Avokpaho E.F.G.;Awasthi A.;Awasthi S.;Quintanilla B.P.A.;Azarpazhooh M.R.;Azzopardi P.;Babalola T.K.;Bacha U.;Badawi A.;Balakrishnan K.;Bannick M.S.;Barac A.;Barker-Collo S.L.;Barnighausen T.;Barquera S.;Barrero L.H.;Basu S.;Battista R.;Battle K.E.;Baune B.T.;Bazargan-Hejazi S.;Beardsley J.;Bedi N.;Bejot Y.;Bekele B.B.;Bell M.L.;Bennett D.A.;Bennett J.R.;Bensenor I.M.;Benson J.;Berhane A.;Berhe D.F.;Bernabe E.;Betsu B.D.;Beuran M.;Beyene A.S.;Bhansali A.;Bhatt S.;Bienhof K.;Bikbov B.;Birungi C.;Biryukov S.;Bisanzio D.;Bizuayehu H.M.;Blyth F.M.;Boneya D.J.;Bose D.;Bou-Orm I.R.;Bourne R.R.A.;Brainin M.;Brayne C.E.G.;Brazinova A.;Breitborde N.J.K.;Briant P.S.;Britton G.;Brugha T.S.;Buchbinder R.;Bulto L.N.B.;Bumgarner B.;Butt Z.A.;Cahuana-Hurtado L.;Cameron E.;Campos-Nonato I.R.;Carabin H.;Cardenas R.;Carpenter D.O.;Carrero J.J.;Carter A.;Carvalho F.;Casey D.;Castaneda-Orjuela C.A.;Rivas J.C.;Castle C.D.;Catala-Lopez F.;Chang J.-C.;Charlson F.J.;Chaturvedi P.;Chen H.;Chibalabala M.;Chibueze C.E.;Chisumpa V.H.;Chitheer A.A.;Chowdhury R.;Christopher D.J.;Ciobanu L.G.;Cirillo M.;Colombara D.;Cooper L.T.;Cooper C.;Cortesi P.A.;Cortinovis M.;Criqui M.H.;Cromwell E.A.;Cross M.;Crump J.A.;Dadi A.F.;Dalal K.;Damasceno A.;Dandona L.;Dandona R.;Das Neves J.;Davitoiu D.V.;Davletov K.;De Leo D.;De Steur H.;Degenhardt L.;Deiparine S.;Dellavalle R.P.;Deribe K.;Deribew A.;Das Jarlais D.C.;Dey S.;Dharmaratne S.D.;Dhillon P.K.;Dicker D.;Djalalinia S.;Do H.P.;Dokova K.;Doku D.T.;Dorsey E.R.;Dos Santos K.P.B.;Driscoll T.R.;Dubey M.;Duncan B.B.;Ebel B.E.;Echko M.;El-Khatib Z.Z.;Enayati A.;Endries A.Y.;Ermakov S.P.;Erskine H.E.;Eshetie S.;Eshrati B.;Esteghamati A.;Estep K.;Fanuel F.B.B.;Farag T.;Farinha C.S.E.S.;Faro A.;Farzadfar F.;Fazeli M.S.;Feigin V.L.;Feigl A.B.;Fereshtehnejad S.-M.;Fernandes J.C.;Ferrari A.J.;Feyissa T.R.;Filip I.;Fischer F.;Fitzmaurice C.;Flaxman A.D.;Foigt N.;Foreman K.J.;Franklin R.C.;Frostad J.J.;Fullman N.;Furst T.;Furtado J.M.;Futran N.D.;Gakidou E.;Garcia-Basteiro A.L.;Gebre T.;Gebregergs G.B.;Gebrehiwot T.T.;Geleijnse J.M.;Geleto A.;Gemechu B.L.;Gesesew H.A.;Gething P.W.;Ghajar A.;Gibney K.B.;Gillum R.F.;Ginawi I.A.M.;Gishu M.D.;Giussani G.;Godwin W.W.;Goel K.;Goenka S.;Goldberg E.M.;Gona P.N.;Goodridge A.;Gopalani S.V.;Gosselin R.A.;Gotay C.C.;Goto A.;Goulart A.C.;Graetz N.;Gugnani H.C.;Gupta P.C.;Gupta T.;Gupta V.;Gupta R.;Gutierrez R.A.;Hachinski V.;Hafezi-Nejad N.;Hailu A.D. | Institution: | (Hay, Afshin, Aiyar, Alam, Allen, Arora, Bannick, Bennett, Bienhof, Biryukov, Briant, Bumgarner, Carter, Casey, Castle, Charlson, Colombara, Cromwell, Dandona, Dandona, Degenhardt, Deiparine, Dicker, Echko, Erskine, Estep, Farag, Ferrari, Fitzmaurice, Flaxman, Foreman, Frostad, Fullman, Gakidou, Godwin, Goldberg, Graetz, Harvey, Henry, Huynh, Ikeda, Irvine, Johnson, Johnson, Kassebaum, Kemmer, Khalil, Krohn, Kyu, Lim, Liu, Liu, Maddison, Manguerra, Manhertz, Marczak, Martopullo, McGaughey, Millear, Minnig, Mirarefn, Misganaw, Mokdad, Mollenkopf, Moses, Mountjoy-Venning, Muller, Naghavi, Nguyen, Nguyen, Nichols, Ong, Osgood-Zimmerman, Paulson, Phipps, Pigott, Pinho, Pletcher, Purcell, Rankin, Rao, Ray, Reiner, Reinig, Reitsma, Roth, Salama, Santomauro, Schelonka, Shields, Shirude, Slepak, Smith, Smith, Sorensen, Srinivasan, Stanaway, Steiner, Strub, Subart, Sur, Sylte, Thamsuwan, Theis, Thomas, Thompson, Troeger, Tsoi, Tymeson, Updike, Vollset, Vos, Whiteford, Woodbrook, Yadgir, Zhou, Zipkin, Zoeckler, Murray) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, United States (Ebel) Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States (Fitzmaurice) Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States (Jakovljevic) Center for Health Trends and Forecasts, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States (Kotsakis) School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, United States (Althouse, Futran, Harun, Jensen, Leung, Morrison, Perez) University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Battle, Bisanzio, Cameron, Gething, Lucas, Weiss) Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, United Kingdom (Bennett) Nufeld Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom (Bisanzio, Deribew) Nufeld Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom (Cooper) NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom (Jha, Rahimi) University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Abajobir, Charlson, Erskine, Ferrari, Leung, Santomauro, Veerman, Whiteford) School of Public Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Lalloo) School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Mishra) University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Ahmed) Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia (Abate, Gebrehiwot, Gesesew, Mengistie, Wakayo, Workicho) Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Abbafati) La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (Abbas) Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States (Abd-Allah) Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (Abdulle) New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Abebo, Tesfaye) Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Abera, Gebregergs, Meles, Tafere) School of Public Health, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Berhe) School of Pharmacy, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Mohammed) College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Asgedom, Atey, Betsu, Hailu, Kahsay, Mezgebe, Zenebe) Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Abera) Food Security and Institute for Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany (Aboyans) Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France (Abu-Raddad) Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar (Ackerman, Buchbinder) Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Thrift) Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (De Courten) Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Parry, Stein) Department of Psychiatry, Cape Town, South Africa (Adetokunboh, Nachega, Seedat, Wiysonge) Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (Adedji) Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria (Aggarwal) Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India (Jeemon) Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, Gurugram, India (Agrawal, Dandona, Dandona, Dhillon, Goenka, Kumar, Lal, Mathur, Zodpey) Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India (Agrawal) CSIR, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India (Agrawal) Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States (Kiadaliri) Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Norrving) Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Woolf) Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, United Kingdom (Aichour) University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria (Aichour) National Institute of Nursing Education, Setif, Algeria (Aichour) High National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria (Akinyemiju) Department of Epidemiology, Birmingham, AL, United States (Schwebel, Singh) University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States (Akseer, Bhutta) Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Akseer) Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Badawi) Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Popova) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Wolfe) National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Al Lami) Baghdad College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq (Alahdab) Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States (Alahdab) Syrian American Medical Society, Washington, DC, United States (Al-Aly) Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States (Alam, Azzopardi, Patton, Weintraub) Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Azzopardi) Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Lopez) Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Meretoja) Department of Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Szoeke) Institute of Health and Ageing, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Vijayakumar) Center for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Alam, Rahman, Taylor, Weintraub, Wijeratne) University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Driscoll) Sydney School of Public Health, Australia (Alam, Blyth, Cross, Leigh, March) University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Alam) Department of Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Alasfoor) Ministry of Health, Al Khuwair, Oman (Alene) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Gondar, Ethiopia (Bekele) College of Medical and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia (Dadi, Eshetie, Tesssema) University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Alene) Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Alizadeh-Navaei) Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Hedayati) Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Wiysonge) South African Medical Research Council, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa (Alkaabi, Al-Maskari, Alsowaidi) College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (Alkerwi) Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg (Alla) School of Public Health, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France (Allebeck, El-Khatib, Rabiee) Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden (Arnlov, Fereshtehnejad) Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stockholm, Sweden (Carrero, Weiderpass) Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden (Havmoeller, Lager) Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Almazroa, Memish) Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Al-Raddadi) Joint Program of Family and Community Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Alsharif) Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Althouse) Institute for Disease Modeling, Bellevue, WA, United States (Altirkawi, Sobaih) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Alvis-Guzman) Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia (Amare, Baune, Ciobanu) School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (Olagunju) Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (Williams) Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (Amare) College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Amini) Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Esteghamati, Hafezi-Nejad, 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[Ovid has truncated this field to avoid Excel character limitations] | Issue Date: | 10-Nov-2017 | Copyright year: | 2017 | Publisher: | Lancet Publishing Group (E-mail: cususerv@lancet.com) | Place of publication: | United Kingdom | Publication information: | The Lancet. 390 (10100) (pp 1260-1344), 2017. Date of Publication: 16 Sep 2017. | Journal: | The Lancet | Abstract: | Background: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Method(s): We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE difered from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. Finding(s): The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75.2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71.9-78.6) for females and 72.0 years (68.8-75.1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45.6 years [42.0-49.5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41.5 years [39.0-44.0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6.24 years (5.97-6.48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6.04 years (5.74-6.27) for males and 6.49 years (6.08-6.77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1.78 years (1.61-1.93) for males and 1.96 years (1.69-2.13) for females. Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2016 (-2.3% [-5.9 to 0.9]), with decreases in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) disease DALYs ofset by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The exemplars, calculated as the fve lowest ratios of observed to expected age-standardised DALY rates in 2016, were Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Maldives, Peru, and Israel. The leading three causes of DALYs globally were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and lower respiratory infections, comprising 16.1% of all DALYs. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most CMNN causes decreased from 1990 to 2016. Conversely, the total DALY burden rose for most NCDs; however, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined globally. Interpretation(s): At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements. At the same time, we observe that many populations are facing growing functional health loss. Rising SDI was associated with increases in cumulative years of life lived with disability and decreases in CMNN DALYs ofset by increased NCD DALYs. Relative compression of morbidity highlights the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning. The analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework with which to benchmark location-specific health performance. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform health policies, health system improvement initiatives, targeted prevention eforts, and development assistance for health, including fnancial and research investments for all countries, regardless of their level of sociodemographic development. The presence of countries that substantially outperform others suggests the need for increased scrutiny for proven examples of best practices, which can help to extend gains, whereas the presence of underperforming countries suggests the need for devotion of extra attention to health systems that need more robust support.Copyright © The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. | DOI: | http://monash.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2817%2932130-X | PubMed URL: | 28919118 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=28919118] | ISSN: | 0140-6736 | URI: | https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/27380 | Type: | Article |
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