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Title: | A 2020 update of anal cancer: the increasing problem in women and expanding treatment landscape. | Authors: | Lam M.;Prenen H.;Body A. ;Segelov E. ;Lum C. | Monash Health Department(s): | Oncology | Institution: | (Lum, Prenen, Body, Lam, Segelov) Medical Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Australia (Prenen) Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (Segelov) School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia | Issue Date: | 10-Sep-2020 | Copyright year: | 2020 | Publisher: | Taylor and Francis Ltd | Place of publication: | United Kingdom | Publication information: | Expert Review of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 14 (8) (pp 665-680), 2020. Date of Publication: 02 Aug 2020. | Journal: | Expert Review of Gastroenterology and Hepatology | Abstract: | Introduction: Anal cancer is a rare malignancy with increasing incidence, notably in women. This disease is highly associated with HPV infection and its incidence and mortality are currently rising. Most patients present with localized disease which has a high survival after definitive treatment with chemoradiation. For patients who develop metastatic disease or present with this de novo, survival is poor. Areas covered: This review provides a summary of current literature on anal cancer. With a focus on women, this includes current epidemiological trends, role of HPV, and the current and future treatment landscape, including HPV vaccination and immunotherapy. Screening currently focusses on HIV-positive men, missing most female cases. In curative disease, trials are investigating treatment de-intensification in good prognostic groups. Immunotherapy is showing early promise in the advanced disease setting. Expert opinion: Similar to cervical cancer, anal cancer is strongly associated with HPV, and therefore, broader implementation of screening programs may reduce its incidence. HPV vaccination is expected to reduce the development of (pre)malignant anal lesions. The emergence of biomarkers will assist patient treatment selection, allowing optimal balance of treatment efficacy and morbidity. It is hoped that new treatment approaches, including immunotherapy, will improve outcomes. International collaboration is needed.Copyright © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. | DOI: | http://monash.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2020.1775583 | PubMed URL: | 32458709 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=32458709] | ISSN: | 1747-4124 | URI: | https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/29105 | Type: | Review | Subjects: | cross infection digital rectal examination epidemiological data hormone action immunocompromised patient infection prevention intensity modulated radiation therapy mixed infection nonhuman papillomavirus infection pathophysiology positron emission tomography-computed tomography prevalence radiation injury review risk assessment risk factor salvage therapy sexual behavior sexually transmitted disease smoking habit treatment duration treatment response trend study uterine cervix cancer viral clearance virus strain atezolizumab/cb [Drug Combination] atezolizumab/dt [Drug Therapy] avelumab/cb [Drug Combination] avelumab/cm [Drug Comparison] capecitabine/ct [Clinical Trial] capecitabine/dt [Drug Therapy] carboplatin/ct [Clinical Trial] carboplatin/cb [Drug Combination] carboplatin/dt [Drug Therapy] cetuximab/ct [Clinical Trial] cetuximab/cb [Drug Combination] cetuximab/cm [Drug Comparison] cetuximab/dt [Drug Therapy] circulating tumor DNA/ec [Endogenous Compound] cisplatin/ct [Clinical Trial] cisplatin/cb [Drug Combination] cisplatin/cm [Drug Comparison] cisplatin/dt [Drug Therapy] docetaxel/cb [Drug Combination] docetaxel/cm [Drug Comparison] docetaxel/dt [Drug Therapy] durvalumab/dt [Drug Therapy] estrogen fluorouracil/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction] fluorouracil/ct [Clinical Trial] fluorouracil/cb [Drug Combination] fluorouracil/cm [Drug Comparison] fluorouracil/dt [Drug Therapy] ipilimumab/cb [Drug Combination] ipilimumab/cm [Drug Comparison] ipilimumab/dt [Drug Therapy] mitomycin/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction] mitomycin/cb [Drug Combination] mitomycin/dt [Drug Therapy] nivolumab/ct [Clinical Trial] nivolumab/cb [Drug Combination] nivolumab/cm [Drug Comparison] nivolumab/dt [Drug Therapy] pembrolizumab/ct [Clinical Trial] pembrolizumab/dt [Drug Therapy] Wart virus vaccine human adoptive transfer *anus cancer/di [Diagnosis] *anus cancer/dt [Drug Therapy] *anus cancer/ep [Epidemiology] *anus cancer/rt [Radiotherapy] *anus cancer/th [Therapy] blood toxicity/si [Side Effect] cancer growth cancer immunotherapy cancer incidence cancer mortality cancer prognosis cancer radiotherapy cancer screening cancer staging chemoradiotherapy colposcopy cross infection digital rectal examination epidemiological data hormone action immunocompromised patient infection intensity modulated radiation therapy mixed infection papillomavirus infection pathophysiology positron emission tomography-computed tomography radiation injury salvage therapy sexual behavior sexually transmitted disease smoking habit trend study uterine cervix cancer viral clearance virus strain atezolizumab avelumab capecitabine/ct capecitabine carboplatin/ctcarboplatin cetuximab/ct cetuximab circulating tumor DNA cisplatin/ct cisplatin docetaxel durvalumab estrogen fluorouracil [Adverse Drug Reaction] fluorouracil/ct fluorouracil ipilimumab mitomycin [Adverse Drug Reaction] nivolumab/ct nivolumab pembrolizumab/ct pembrolizumab Wart virus vaccine adoptive transfer anus cancer blood toxicity cancer growth cancer immunotherapy cancer cancer radiotherapy cancer screening cancer staging chemoradiotherapy colposcopy cancer staging chemoradiotherapy colposcopy cross infection digital rectal examination epidemiological data hormone action human immunocompromised patient infection prevention intensity modulated radiation therapy mixed infection nonhuman papillomavirus infection pathophysiology positron emission tomography-computed tomography prevalence radiation injury Review risk assessment risk factor salvage therapy sexual behavior sexually transmitted disease *anus cancer / *diagnosis / *drug therapy / *epidemiology / *radiotherapy / *therapy treatment duration treatment response trend study uterine cervix cancer viral clearance virus strain adoptive transfer smoking habit blood toxicity / side effect cancer growth cancer immunotherapy cancer incidence cancer mortality cancer prognosis cancer radiotherapy cancer screening |
Type of Clinical Study or Trial: | Review article (e.g. literature review, narrative review) |
Appears in Collections: | Articles |
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