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Title: | The management of anovulatory infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: An analysis of the evidence to support the development of global WHO guidance. | Authors: | Stener-Victorin E.;Wijeyaratne C.N.;Fauser B.C.J.M.;Teede H.;Norman R.J.;Balen A.H.;Morley L.C.;Misso M.;Franks S.;Legro R.S. | Institution: | (Balen, Morley) Leeds Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds LS14 6UH, United Kingdom (Misso, Teede) Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia (Franks) Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Legro) Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, H103, Hershey, PA 17033, United States (Wijeyaratne) Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, PO Box 271, Kynsey Road, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka (Stener-Victorin) Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Fauser) Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX Utrecht, Netherlands (Norman) The Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Norwich House, 55 King William Street, North Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia | Issue Date: | 26-Dec-2016 | Copyright year: | 2016 | Publisher: | Oxford University Press (E-mail: jnl.info@oup.co.uk) | Place of publication: | United Kingdom | Publication information: | Human Reproduction Update. 22 (6) (pp 687-708), 2016. Date of Publication: 01 Nov 2016. | Journal: | Human Reproduction Update | Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Here we describe the consensus guideline methodology, summarise the evidence-based recommendations we provided to the World Health Organisation (WHO) for their consideration in the development of global guidance and present a narrative review on the management of anovulatory infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: The aim of this paper was to present an evidence base for the management of anovulatory PCOS. SEARCH METHOD(S): The evidence to support providing recommendations involved a collaborative process for: (i) identification of priority questions and critical outcomes, (ii) retrieval of up-to-date evidence and exiting guidelines, (iii) assessment and synthesis of the evidence and (iv) the formulation of draft recommendations to be used for reaching consensus with a wide range of global stakeholders. For each draft recommendation, the methodologist evaluated the quality of the supporting evidence that was then graded as very low, low, moderate or high for consideration during consensus. OUTCOME(S): Evidence was synthesized and we made recommendations across the definition of PCOS including hyperandrogenism, menstrual cycle regulation and ovarian assessment. Metabolic features and the impact of ethnicity were covered. Management includes lifestyle changes, bariatric surgery, pharmacotherapy (including clomiphene citrate (CC), aromatase inhibitors, metformin and gonadotropins), as well as laparoscopic surgery. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) was considered as were the risks of ovulation induction and of pregnancy in PCOS. Approximately 80% of women who suffer from anovulatory infertility have PCOS. Lifestyle intervention is recommended first in women who are obese largely on the basis of general health benefits. Bariatric surgery can be considered where the body mass index (BMI) is >= 35 kg/m2 and lifestyle therapy has failed. Carefully conducted and monitored pharmacological ovulation induction can achieve good cumulative pregnancy rates and multiple pregnancy rates can be minimized with adherence to recommended protocols. CC should be first-line pharmacotherapy for ovulation induction and letrozole can also be used as first-line therapy. Metformin alone has limited benefits in improving live birth rates. Gonadotropins and laparoscopic surgery can be used as second-line treatment. There is no clear evidence for efficacy of acupuncture or herbal mixtures in women with PCOS. For women with PCOS who fail lifestyle and ovulation induction therapy or have additional infertility factors, IVF can be used with the safer gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. If a GnRH-agonist protocol is used, metformin as an adjunct may reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Patients should be informed of the potential side effects of ovulation induction agents and of IVF on the foetus, and of the risks of multiple pregnancy. Increased risks for the mother during pregnancy and for the child, including the exacerbating impact of obesity on adverse outcomes, should also be discussed. WIDER IMPLICATION(S): This guidance generation and evidence-synthesis analysis has been conducted in a manner to be considered for global applicability for the safe administration of ovulation induction for anovulatory women with PCOS.Copyright © The Author 2016. | DOI: | http://monash.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmw025 | PubMed URL: | 27511809 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=27511809] | ISSN: | 1355-4786 | URI: | https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/39812 | Type: | Article | Subjects: | electroacupuncture ethnic difference evidence based medicine *female infertility/dt [Drug Therapy] *female infertility/su [Surgery] *female infertility/th [Therapy] female infertility/dt [Drug Therapy] gastrointestinal symptom/si [Side Effect] glucose tolerance headache/si [Side Effect] hot flush/si [Side Effect] human hyperandrogenism hypoglycemia/si [Side Effect] in vitro fertilization in vitro oocyte maturation insulin resistance laparoscopic surgery lifestyle modification menstrual cycle multiple cycle treatment nausea/si [Side Effect] obesity/su [Surgery] obesity/th [Therapy] *ovary polycystic disease/di [Diagnosis] *ovary polycystic disease/dt [Drug Therapy] *ovary polycystic disease/ep [Epidemiology] *ovary polycystic disease/th [Therapy] ovary polycystic disease/dt [Drug Therapy] ovulation induction *practice guideline pregnancy rate priority journal risk benefit analysis teratogenicity therapy effect visual disorder/si [Side Effect] weight reduction World Health Organization aromatase inhibitor/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction] aromatase inhibitor/dt [Drug Therapy] aromatase inhibitor/pd [Pharmacology] clomifene citrate/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction] clomifene citrate/ct [Clinical Trial] clomifene citrate/cb [Drug Combination] clomifene citrate/cm [Drug Comparison] clomifene citrate/dt [Drug Therapy] clomifene citrate/to [Drug Toxicity] clomifene citrate/pd [Pharmacology] gonadotropin/dt [Drug Therapy] herbaceous agent/ct [Clinical Trial] herbaceous agent/cm [Drug Comparison] herbaceous agent/dt [Drug Therapy] letrozole/ct [Clinical Trial] letrozole/dt [Drug Therapy] letrozole/to [Drug Toxicity] metformin/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction] metformin/ct [Clinical Trial] metformin/cb [Drug Combination] metformin/cm [Drug Comparison] metformin/dt [Drug Therapy] metformin/pd [Pharmacology] placebo drug withdrawal acupuncture alternative medicine *anovulation/dt [Drug Therapy] *anovulation/su [Surgery] *anovulation/th [Therapy] anovulation/dt [Drug Therapy] article asthenia/si [Side Effect] backache/si [Side Effect] bariatric surgery birth rate body mass breast tenderness/si [Side Effect] clinical practice consensus development diathermy diet therapy dizziness/si [Side Effect] drug efficacy drug mechanism drug tolerability letrozole/cm [Drug Comparison] breast tenderness / side effect clinical practice consensus development diathermy diet therapy dizziness / side effect drug efficacy drug mechanism drug tolerability drug withdrawal electroacupuncture ethnic difference evidence based medicine *female infertility / *drug therapy / *surgery / *therapy female infertility / drug therapy gastrointestinal symptom / side effect glucose tolerance headache / side effect hot flush / side effect human hyperandrogenism hypoglycemia / side effect in vitro fertilization in vitro oocyte maturation insulin resistance laparoscopic surgery lifestyle modification menstrual cycle multiple cycle treatment nausea / side effect obesity / surgery / therapy *ovary polycystic disease / *diagnosis / *drug therapy / *epidemiology / *therapy alternative medicine ovulation induction *practice guideline pregnancy rate priority journal risk benefit analysis teratogenicity therapy effect visual disorder / side effect weight reduction world health organization acupuncture ovary polycystic disease / drug therapy *anovulation / *drug therapy / *surgery / *therapy anovulation / drug therapy Article asthenia / side effect backache / side effect bariatric surgery birth rate body mass |
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