Evolution of paediatric chest imaging.

Abstract

Traditionally, the options available for chest imaging in children have been limited to plain radiographs, ultrasound and fluoroscopy/ bronchography. In the last five years, there have been dramatic advances in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) technology. Improvements in temporal and spatial resolution have enabled multiplanar CT assessment of the pulmonary parenchyma and dynamic assessment of the tracheobronchial tree at very low radiation dose. Previously limited by respiratory and cardiac motion artefacts and appropriate sequence protocols, MR with its superior contrast resolution can be used to demonstrate different tissue characteristics and therefore pathological processes. MR also has potential in characterizing pulmonary parenchymal functional differences (perfusion and ventilation).