Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/46697
Title: Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Authors: Feigin V.L.;Stark B.A.;Johnson C.O.;Roth G.A.;Bisignano C.;Abady G.G.;Abbasifard M.;Abbasi-Kangevari M.;Abd-Allah F.;Abedi V.;Abualhasan A.;Abu-Rmeileh N.M.E.;Abushouk A.I.;Adebayo O.M.;Agarwal G.;Agasthi P.;Ahinkorah B.O.;Ahmad S.;Ahmadi S.;Salih Y.A.;Aji B.;Akbarpour S.;Akinyemi R.O.;Al Hamad H.;Alahdab F.;Alif S.M.;Alipour V.;Aljunid S.M.;Almustanyir S.;Al-Raddadi R.M.;Salman R.A.-S.;Alvis-Guzman N.;Ancuceanu R.;Anderlini D.;Anderson J.A.;Ansar A.;Antonazzo I.C.;Arabloo J.;Arnlov J.;Artanti K.D.;Aryan Z.;Asgari S.;Ashraf T.;Athar M.;Atreya A.;Ausloos M.;Baig A.A.;Baltatu O.C.;Banach M.;Barboza M.A.;Barker-Collo S.L.;Barnighausen T.W.;Barone M.T.U.;Basu S.;Bazmandegan G.;Beghi E.;Beheshti M.;Bejot Y.;Bell A.W.;Bennett D.A.;Bensenor I.M.;Bezabhe W.M.;Bezabih Y.M.;Bhagavathula A.S.;Bhardwaj P.;Bhattacharyya K.;Bijani A.;Bikbov B.;Birhanu M.M.;Boloor A.;Bonny A.;Brauer M.;Brenner H.;Bryazka D.;Butt Z.A.;Dos Santos F.L.C.;Campos-Nonato I.R.;Cantu-Brito C.;Carrero J.J.;Castaneda-Orjuela C.A.;Catapano A.L.;Chakraborty P.A.;Charan J.;Choudhari S.G.;Chowdhury E.K.;Chu D.-T.;Chung S.-C.;Colozza D.;Costa V.M.;Costanzo S.;Criqui M.H.;Dadras O.;Dagnew B.;Dai X.;Dalal K.;Damasceno A.A.M.;D'Amico E.;Dandona L.;Dandona R.;Gela J.D.;Davletov K.;De La Cruz-Gongora V.;Desai R.;Dhamnetiya D.;Dharmaratne S.D.;Dhimal M.L.;Dhimal M.;Diaz D.;Dichgans M.;Dokova K.;Doshi R.;Douiri A.;Duncan B.B.;Eftekharzadeh S.;Ekholuenetale M.;El Nahas N.;Elgendy I.Y.;Elhadi M.;El-Jaafary S.I.;Endres M.;Endries A.Y.;Erku D.A.;Faraon E.J.A.;Farooque U.;Farzadfar F.;Feroze A.H.;Filip I.;Fischer F.;Flood D.;Gad M.M.;Gaidhane S.;Gheshlagh R.G.;Ghashghaee A.;Ghith N.;Ghozali G.;Ghozy S.;Gialluisi A.;Giampaoli S.;Gilani S.A.;Gill P.S.;Gnedovskaya E.V.;Golechha M.;Goulart A.C.;Guo Y.;Gupta R.;Gupta V.B.;Gupta V.K.;Gyanwali P.;Hafezi-Nejad N.;Hamidi S.;Hanif A.;Hankey G.J.;Hargono A.;Hashi A.;Hassan T.S.;Hassen H.Y.;Havmoeller R.J.;Hay S.I.;Hayat K.;Hegazy M.I.;Herteliu C.;Holla R.;Hostiuc S.;Househ M.;Huang J.;Humayun A.;Hwang B.-F.;Iacoviello L.;Iavicoli I.;Ibitoye S.E.;Ilesanmi O.S.;Ilic I.M.;Ilic M.D.;Iqbal U.;Irvani S.S.N.;Islam S.M.S.;Ismail N.E.;Iso H.;Isola G.;Iwagami M.;Jacob L.;Jain V.;Jang S.-I.;Jayapal S.K.;Jayaram S.;Jayawardena R.;Jeemon P.;Jha R.P.;Johnson W.D.;Jonas J.B.;Joseph N.;Jozwiak J.J.;Jurisson M.;Kalani R.;Kalhor R.;Kalkonde Y.;Kamath A.;Kamiab Z.;Kanchan T.;Kandel H.;Karch A.;Katoto P.D.M.C.;Kayode G.A.;Keshavarz P.;Khader Y.S.;Khan E.A.;Khan I.A.;Khan M.;Khan M.A.B.;Khatib M.N.;Khubchandani J.;Kim G.R.;Kim M.S.;Kim Y.J.;Kisa A.;Kisa S.;Kivimaki M.;Kolte D.;Koolivand A.;Laxminarayana S.L.K.;Koyanagi A.;Krishan K.;Krishnamoorthy V.;Krishnamurthi R.V.;Kumar G.A.;Kusuma D.;Vecchia C.L.;Lacey B.;Lak H.M.;Lallukka T.;Lasrado S.;Lavados P.M.;Leonardi M.;Li B.;Li S.;Lin H.;Lin R.-T.;Liu X.;Lo W.D.;Lorkowski S.;Lucchetti G.;Saute R.L.;Abd El Razek H.M.;Magnani F.G.;Mahajan P.B.;Majeed A.;Makki A.;Malekzadeh R.;Malik A.A.;Manafi N.;Mansournia M.A.;Mantovani L.G.;Martini S.;Mazzaglia G.;Mehndiratta M.M.;Menezes R.G.;Meretoja A.;Mersha A.G.;Jonasson J.M.;Miazgowski B.;Miazgowski T.;Michalek I.M.;Mirrakhimov E.M.;Mohammad Y.;Mohammadian-Hafshejani A.;Mohammed S.;Mokdad A.H.;Mokhayeri Y.;Molokhia M.;Moni M.A.;Al Montasir A.;Moradzadeh R.;Morawska L.;Morze J.;Muruet W.;Musa K.I.;Nagarajan A.J.;Naghavi M.;Swamy S.N.;Nascimento B.R.;Negoi R.I.;Kandel S.N.;Nguyen T.H.;Norrving B.;Noubiap J.J.;Nwatah V.E.;Oancea B.;Odukoya O.O.;Olagunju A.T.;Orru H.;Owolabi M.O.;Padubidri J.R.;Pana A.;Parekh T.;Park E.-C.;Kan F.P.;Pathak M.;Peres M.F.P.;Perianayagam A.;Pham T.-M.;Piradov M.A.;Podder V.;Polinder S.;Postma M.J.;Pourshams A.;Radfar A.;Rafiei A.;Raggi A.;Rahim F.;Rahimi-Movaghar V.;Rahman M.;Rahman M.A.;Rahmani A.M.;Rajai N.;Ranasinghe P.;Rao C.R.;Rao S.J.;Rathi P.;Rawaf D.L.;Rawaf S.;Reitsma M.B.;Renjith V.;Renzaho A.M.N.;Rezapour A.;Rodriguez J.A.B.;Roever L.;Romoli M.;Rynkiewicz A.;Sacco S.;Sadeghi M.;Moghaddam S.S.;Sahebkar A.;Saif-Ur-Rahman K.M.;Salah R.;Samaei M.;Samy A.M.;Santos I.S.;Santric-Milicevic M.M.;Sarrafzadegan N.;Sathian B.;Sattin D.;Schiavolin S.;Schlaich M.P.;Schmidt M.I.;Schutte A.E.;Sepanlou S.G.;Seylani A.;Sha F.;Shahabi S.;Shaikh M.A.;Shannawaz M.;Shawon Md.S.R.;Sheikh A.;Sheikhbahaei S.;Shibuya K.;Siabani S.;Silva D.A.S.;Singh J.A.;Singh J.K.;Skryabin V.Y.;Skryabina A.A.;Sobaih B.H.;Stortecky S.;Stranges S.;Tadesse E.G.;Tarigan I.U.;Temsah M.-H.;Teuschl Y.;Thrift A.G. ;Tonelli M.;Tovani-Palone M.R.;Tran B.X.;Tripathi M.;Tsegaye G.W.;Ullah A.;Unim B.;Unnikrishnan B.;Vakilian A.;Tahbaz S.V.;Vasankari T.J.;Venketasubramanian N.;Vervoort D.;Vo B.;Volovici V.;Vosoughi K.;Vu G.T.;Vu L.G.;Wafa H.A.;Waheed Y.;Wang Y.;Wijeratne T.;Winkler A.S.;Wolfe C.D.A.;Woodward M.;Wu J.H.;Hanson S.W.;Xu X.;Yadav L.;Yadollahpour A.;Jabbari S.H.Y.;Yamagishi K.;Yatsuya H.;Yonemoto N.;Yu C.;Yunusa I.;Zaman M.S.;Zaman S.B.;Zamanian M.;Zand R.;Zandifar A.;Zastrozhin M.S.;Zastrozhina A.;Zhang Y.;Zhang Z.-J.;Zhong C.;Zuniga Y.M.H.;Murray C.J.L.
Monash Health Department(s): Monash University - School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health
Institution: (Feigin, Krishnamurthi) National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
(Feigin, Stark, Johnson, Roth, Bisignano, Anderson, Brauer, Bryazka, Dai, Dandona, Dandona, Dharmaratne, Hay, Mokdad, Naghavi, Reitsma, Hanson, Murray) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
(Roth) Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
(Roth, Dandona, Dharmaratne, Hay, Mokdad, Naghavi, Murray) Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
(Feroze) Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
(Kalani) Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
(Krishnamoorthy) Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
(Gnedovskaya) Third Department of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation
(Feigin, Piradov) Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation
(Abady) Department of Nursing, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
(Abbasifard, Bazmandegan) Department of Internal Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Abbasifard, Bazmandegan, Kamiab) Clinical Research Development Unit, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Kamiab) Family Medicine Department, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Vakilian) Department of Neurology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Vakilian) Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Abbasi-Kangevari) Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Ahmadi) School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Asgari) Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Abd-Allah, Abualhasan, El-Jaafary, Hegazy) Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
(Abedi) Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States
(Zand) Department of Neuroscience, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States
(Abedi) Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
(Abu-Rmeileh) Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine
(Abushouk) Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
(Aryan) Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
(Barnighausen, Yunusa) TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
(Basu) Center for Primary Care, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
(Bell) Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
(Elgendy) Division of Cardiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
(Kolte) Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
(Rajai) Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
(Sheikh) Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
(Abushouk) Department of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
(El Nahas) Neurology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
(Samy) Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
(Adebayo) College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Ilesanmi) Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Owolabi) Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Agarwal) Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
(Olagunju) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
(Agasthi) Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
(Ahinkorah) The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
(Siabani) School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
(Ahmad) Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Kuala Langat, Malaysia
(Salih) Database Technology Department, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
(Salih) College of Informatics, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
(Aji) Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
(Akbarpour) Occupational Sleep Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Aryan, Farzadfar, Moghaddam) Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Hafezi-Nejad) School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Malekzadeh, Pourshams, Sepanlou) Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Mansournia) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Rahim) Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Rahimi-Movaghar) Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Akinyemi) Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Ekholuenetale) Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Ekholuenetale) Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Ibitoye) Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Ilesanmi) Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Owolabi) Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Akinyemi) Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
(Al Hamad, Sathian) Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
(Al Hamad) Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
(Alahdab) Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States
(Alif) Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
(Chowdhury) Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
(Guo) Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
(Li) School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
(Thrift) Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
(Zaman) The School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
(Alipour, Arabloo, Ghashghaee, Rezapour) Health Management and Economics Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Alipour) Department of Health Economics, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Ghashghaee) Student Research Committee, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Manafi) School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Vosoughi) Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Kan) Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Aljunid) International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
(Almustanyir) College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
(Almustanyir) Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
(Al-Raddadi) Department of Community Medicine
(Malik) Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
(Salman) Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
(Sheikh) Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
(Alvis-Guzman) Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia
(Alvis-Guzman) Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
(Ancuceanu) Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
(Hostiuc) Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
(Negoi) Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
(Anderlini) Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
(Anderlini) Neurology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
(Ansar, Rahman) School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
(Ansar) Special Interest Group International Health, Public Health Association of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
(Antonazzo) Research Center on Public Health, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
(Mantovani) School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
(Mazzaglia) Department of Medicine, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
(Arnlov) Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
(Carrero) Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
(Hassan) Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
(Arnlov) School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
(Artanti, Hargono) Department of Epidemiology, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia
(Martini) Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia
(Ashraf) University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
(Gilani) Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
(Hanif, Malik) University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
(Athar) Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
(Athar) Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
(Atreya) Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal
(Ausloos) School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
(Ausloos, Herteliu, Pana) Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
(Baig) Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
(Baltatu) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
(Baltatu) Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
(Banach) Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
(Banach) Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
(Barboza) Department of Neurosciences, Costa Rican Department of Social Security, San Jose, Costa Rica
(Barboza) School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
(Barker-Collo) School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
(Barnighausen) Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
(Jonas) Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
(Barone) Programs, Partnerships, Research and Education, International Diabetes Federation, Sao Paulo, Brazil
(Barone) International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
(Basu) School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
(Kusuma) Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
(Majeed, Rawaf) Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
(Rawaf) WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
(Beghi) Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
(Beheshti) Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New York University, New York, NY, United States
(Bejot) Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
(Bejot) Dijon Stroke Registry - UFR Sciences Sante, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
(Bell) Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
(Bennett, Lacey) Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
(Bensenor, Goulart, Santos) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
(Goulart, Santos) Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
(Peres) Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
(Bezabhe) University of Tasmania, Tasmania, VIC, Australia
(Bezabih) Department of Internal Medicine, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
(Tsegaye) College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
(Bezabhe) Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
(Bezabih) One Health, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
(Bhagavathula) Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czechia
(Bhagavathula) Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
(Khan) Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
(Bhardwaj) Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
(Bhardwaj) School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
(Charan) Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
(Kanchan) Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
(Bhattacharyya) Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
(Bhattacharyya) Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
(Bijani) Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Bikbov) Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Ranica, Italy
(Birhanu) Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
(Birhanu) Department of Nursing, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Boloor) Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
(Joseph) Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
(Unnikrishnan) Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
(Bonny) Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
(Castaneda-Orjuela) Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
(Catapano) Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
(Vecchia) Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
(Catapano) MultiMedica, IRCCS, Sesto S. Giovanni, Italy
(Choudhari) Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
(Gaidhane) Department of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
(Khatib) Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
(Chowdhury) School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
(Chu) Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU-International School, Hanoi, Vietnam
(Chung) Department of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
(Kivimaki) Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
(Chung) Health Data Research UK, London, United Kingdom
(Colozza) Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
(Douiri, Muruet, Wafa, Wang, Wolfe) School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
(Molokhia) Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
(Colozza) Office of Climate Change, Biodiversity and Environment, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
(Costa) Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
(Costanzo, Gialluisi, Iacoviello) Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
(Criqui) Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
(Dadras) School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
(Dadras) Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
(Dagnew) Department of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
(Mersha) School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
(Dalal) Division of Public Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
(Dalal) Higher School of Public Health, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
(Davletov) Health Research Institute, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
(Damasceno) Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
(D'Amico) Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
(Isola) Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
(Dandona, Dandona, Kumar) Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
(Dandona) Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
(Gela) Department of Public Health, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
(Desai) Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
(Dhamnetiya, Jha) Department of Community Medicine, Dr Baba Sahib Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, India
(Dharmaratne) Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
(Dhimal) Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
(Dhimal) Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal
(Dhimal) Health Research Section, Kathmandu, Nepal
(Gyanwali) Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
(Diaz) Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
(Diaz) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Rosales, Mexico
(Dichgans) Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
(Dokova) Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organisation, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
(Doshi) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, United States
(Duncan, Schmidt) Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
(Eftekharzadeh) Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
(Zandifar) Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
(Elgendy, Kolte) Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
(Elhadi) Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
(Endres) Department of Neurology, Charite University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
(Endries) Public Health Department, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Erku) Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
(Faraon) Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
(Farooque) Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
(Feroze) Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
(Filip) Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, United States
(Filip) School of Health Sciences, AT Still University, Mesa, AZ, United States
(Fischer) Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany
(Flood) Center for Research in Indigenous Health, Maya Health Alliance, Tecpan, Guatemala
(Flood) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
(Gad) Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
(Jain, Lak) Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
(Liu) Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
(Gad) Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
(Gheshlagh) Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Ghith) Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
(Ghozali) Department of Public Health, University of Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia
(Ghozy) Neurosurgery Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
(Giampaoli) Department of Cardiovascular Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
(Gilani) Afro-Asian Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
(Gill) Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
(Golechha) Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
(Guo) Department of Epidemiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, China
(Gupta) Department of Preventive Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India
(Gupta) Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi University Medical Sciences, Jaipur, India
(Gupta) School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
(Gupta) Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
(Gyanwali) Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
(Hafezi-Nejad, Sheikhbahaei) Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
(Vervoort) Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
(Vosoughi) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
(Hamidi) School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
(Hankey) Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
(Schlaich) Dobney Hypertension Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
(Hankey) Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
(Hashi) Department of Public Health, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia
(Hassan) Research Centre, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
(Hassen) Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
(Hassen) Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
(Havmoeller) Skaane University Hospital, Skaane County Council, Malmoe, Sweden
(Hayat) Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
(Hayat) Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
(Herteliu) School of Business, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
(Holla, Kamath, Padubidri, Rathi) Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
(Rao) Department of Community Medicine, Manipal, India
(Kamath) Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
(Hostiuc) Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania
(Househ) College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
(Huang, Zhong) Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
(Humayun) Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
(Hwang) Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (Republic of China)
(Lin) College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (Republic of China)
(Iacoviello) Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
(Iavicoli) Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
(Ilic, Santric-Milicevic) Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
(Santric-Milicevic) School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
(Ilic) Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
(Iqbal) College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China)
(Irvani) TabrizIran, Islamic Republic of
(Islam) Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
(Islam) Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
(Kandel) Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
(Ismail) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia
(Yamagishi) Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
(Iso) Public Health Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
(Iwagami) Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
(Yamagishi) Research and Development Center for Health Services, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
(Iwagami) Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
(Jacob) Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
(Jacob) Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
(Jang) Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea
(Jayapal) Centre of Studies and Research, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
(Jayaram) Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India
(Jayawardena) Department of Physiology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
(Jayawardena, Ranasinghe) Department of Pharmacology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
(Jayawardena) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
(Morawska) International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
(Jeemon) Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
(Jha) Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
(Johnson) Center for Global Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
(Jonas) Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
(Jozwiak) Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
(Jurisson, Orru) Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
(Kalhor) Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Kalhor) Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Kalkonde) Public Health Division, Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India
(Kandel) Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
(Karch) Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
(Katoto) Centre for Tropical Diseases and Global Health, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic Congo
(Katoto) Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
(Kayode) International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
(Kayode) Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
(Keshavarz) Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, New Hospitals LTD, Tbilisi, Georgia
(Keshavarz) Medical Imaging Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Khader) Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
(Khan) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
(Khan) Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
(Khan) Epidemiology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
(Khan) Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, United Kingdom
(Khubchandani) Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
(Kim, Park) Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
(Park) Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
(Kim) Department of Genomics and Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Seoul, South Korea
(Kim) Public Health Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Wando-gun, South Korea
(Kim) School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
(Kisa) School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
(Kisa) Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
(Kisa) Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
(Kivimaki, Lallukka) Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
(Koolivand) Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Moradzadeh, Zamanian) Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Islamic Republic of
(Laxminarayana) Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India
(Koyanagi) Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
(Koyanagi) Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
(Krishan) Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
(Krishnamoorthy) Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
(Kusuma) Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
(Lacey) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
(Lasrado) Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
(Lavados) Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, German Clinic of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
(Lavados) Faculty of Medicine, University of Development, Santiago, Chile
(Leonardi, Magnani, Raggi, Sattin, Schiavolin) UO Neurologia, Salute Pubblica e Disabilita, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
(Li) Department of Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
(Lin) School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
(Lin) Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia
(Liu) Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
(Lo) Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
(Lo) Department of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
(Lorkowski) Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
(Lorkowski) Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (NutriCARD), Jena, Germany
(Lucchetti) School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
(Saute) Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral... [Ovid has truncated this field to avoid Excel character limitations]
Issue Date: 21-Feb-2022
Copyright year: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd
Place of publication: United Kingdom
Publication information: The Lancet Neurology. 20(10) (pp 1-26), 2021. Date of Publication: 2021.
Journal: The Lancet Neurology
Abstract: Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates increased by 15.0% (12.0-18.0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3.6 (3.5-3.8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3.7 (3.5-3.9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62.4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7.63 million [6.57-8.96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27.9% (3.41 million [2.97-3.91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9.7% (1.18 million [1.01-1.39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79.6 million [67.7-90.8] DALYs or 55.5% [48.2-62.0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34.9 million [22.3-48.6] DALYs or 24.3% [15.7-33.2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28.9 million [19.8-41.5] DALYs or 20.2% [13.8-29.1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28.7 million [23.4-33.4] DALYs or 20.1% [16.6-23.0]), and smoking (25.3 million [22.6-28.2] DALYs or 17.6% [16.4-19.0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
DOI: http://monash.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422%2821%2900252-0
PubMed URL: 34487721 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=34487721]
URI: https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/46697
Type: Article
Subjects: air pollution
ambient air
body mass
brain hemorrhage/ep [Epidemiology]
disability
disability-adjusted life year
global disease burden
glucose blood level
highest income group
incidence
ischemic stroke/ep [Epidemiology]
low income country
lowest income group
particulate matter
smoking
subarachnoid hemorrhage/ep [Epidemiology]
systolic blood pressure
glucose/ec [Endogenous Compound]
Appears in Collections:Articles

Show full item record

Page view(s)

34
checked on Mar 15, 2025

Google ScholarTM

Check


Items in Monash Health Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.