Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Feigin V.L.; Stark B.A.; Johnson C.O.; Roth G.A.; Bisignano C.; Abady G.G.; Abbasifard M.; Abbasi-Kangevari M.; Abd-Allah F.; Abedi V.; Abualhasan A.; Abu-Rmeileh N.M.E.; Abushouk A.I.; Adebayo O.M.; Agarwal G.; Agasthi P.; Ahinkorah B.O.; Ahmad S.; Ahmadi S.; Salih Y.A.; Aji B.; Akbarpour S.; Akinyemi R.O.; Al Hamad H.; Alahdab F.; Alif S.M.; Alipour V.; Aljunid S.M.; Almustanyir S.; Al-Raddadi R.M.; Salman R.A.-S.; Alvis-Guzman N.; Ancuceanu R.; Anderlini D.; Anderson J.A.; Ansar A.; Antonazzo I.C.; Arabloo J.; Arnlov J.; Artanti K.D.; Aryan Z.; Asgari S.; Ashraf T.; Athar M.; Atreya A.; Ausloos M.; Baig A.A.; Baltatu O.C.; Banach M.; Barboza M.A.; Barker-Collo S.L.; Barnighausen T.W.; Barone M.T.U.; Basu S.; Bazmandegan G.; Beghi E.; Beheshti M.; Bejot Y.; Bell A.W.; Bennett D.A.; Bensenor I.M.; Bezabhe W.M.; Bezabih Y.M.; Bhagavathula A.S.; Bhardwaj P.; Bhattacharyya K.; Bijani A.; Bikbov B.; Birhanu M.M.; Boloor A.; Bonny A.; Brauer M.; Brenner H.; Bryazka D.; Butt Z.A.; Dos Santos F.L.C.; Campos-Nonato I.R.; Cantu-Brito C.; Carrero J.J.; Castaneda-Orjuela C.A.; Catapano A.L.; Chakraborty P.A.; Charan J.; Choudhari S.G.; Chowdhury E.K.; Chu D.-T.; Chung S.-C.; Colozza D.; Costa V.M.; Costanzo S.; Criqui M.H.; Dadras O.; Dagnew B.; Dai X.; Dalal K.; Damasceno A.A.M.; D'Amico E.; Dandona L.; Dandona R.; Gela J.D.; Davletov K.; De La Cruz-Gongora V.; Desai R.; Dhamnetiya D.; Dharmaratne S.D.; Dhimal M.L.; Dhimal M.; Diaz D.; Dichgans M.; Dokova K.; Doshi R.; Douiri A.; Duncan B.B.; Eftekharzadeh S.; Ekholuenetale M.; El Nahas N.; Elgendy I.Y.; Elhadi M.; El-Jaafary S.I.; Endres M.; Endries A.Y.; Erku D.A.; Faraon E.J.A.; Farooque U.; Farzadfar F.; Feroze A.H.; Filip I.; Fischer F.; Flood D.; Gad M.M.; Gaidhane S.; Gheshlagh R.G.; Ghashghaee A.; Ghith N.; Ghozali G.; Ghozy S.; Gialluisi A.; Giampaoli S.; Gilani S.A.; Gill P.S.; Gnedovskaya E.V.; Golechha M.; Goulart A.C.; Guo Y.; Gupta R.; Gupta V.B.; Gupta V.K.; Gyanwali P.; Hafezi-Nejad N.; Hamidi S.; Hanif A.; Hankey G.J.; Hargono A.; Hashi A.; Hassan T.S.; Hassen H.Y.; Havmoeller R.J.; Hay S.I.; Hayat K.; Hegazy M.I.; Herteliu C.; Holla R.; Hostiuc S.; Househ M.; Huang J.; Humayun A.; Hwang B.-F.; Iacoviello L.; Iavicoli I.; Ibitoye S.E.; Ilesanmi O.S.; Ilic I.M.; Ilic M.D.; Iqbal U.; Irvani S.S.N.; Islam S.M.S.; Ismail N.E.; Iso H.; Isola G.; Iwagami M.; Jacob L.; Jain V.; Jang S.-I.; Jayapal S.K.; Jayaram S.; Jayawardena R.; Jeemon P.; Jha R.P.; Johnson W.D.; Jonas J.B.; Joseph N.; Jozwiak J.J.; Jurisson M.; Kalani R.; Kalhor R.; Kalkonde Y.; Kamath A.; Kamiab Z.; Kanchan T.; Kandel H.; Karch A.; Katoto P.D.M.C.; Kayode G.A.; Keshavarz P.; Khader Y.S.; Khan E.A.; Khan I.A.; Khan M.; Khan M.A.B.; Khatib M.N.; Khubchandani J.; Kim G.R.; Kim M.S.; Kim Y.J.; Kisa A.; Kisa S.; Kivimaki M.; Kolte D.; Koolivand A.; Laxminarayana S.L.K.; Koyanagi A.; Krishan K.; Krishnamoorthy V.; Krishnamurthi R.V.; Kumar G.A.; Kusuma D.; Vecchia C.L.; Lacey B.; Lak H.M.; Lallukka T.; Lasrado S.; Lavados P.M.; Leonardi M.; Li B.; Li S.; Lin H.; Lin R.-T.; Liu X.; Lo W.D.; Lorkowski S.; Lucchetti G.; Saute R.L.; Abd El Razek H.M.; Magnani F.G.; Mahajan P.B.; Majeed A.; Makki A.; Malekzadeh R.; Malik A.A.; Manafi N.; Mansournia M.A.; Mantovani L.G.; Martini S.; Mazzaglia G.; Mehndiratta M.M.; Menezes R.G.; Meretoja A.; Mersha A.G.; Jonasson J.M.; Miazgowski B.; Miazgowski T.; Michalek I.M.; Mirrakhimov E.M.; Mohammad Y.; Mohammadian-Hafshejani A.; Mohammed S.; Mokdad A.H.; Mokhayeri Y.; Molokhia M.; Moni M.A.; Al Montasir A.; Moradzadeh R.; Morawska L.; Morze J.; Muruet W.; Musa K.I.; Nagarajan A.J.; Naghavi M.; Swamy S.N.; Nascimento B.R.; Negoi R.I.; Kandel S.N.; Nguyen T.H.; Norrving B.; Noubiap J.J.; Nwatah V.E.; Oancea B.; Odukoya O.O.; Olagunju A.T.; Orru H.; Owolabi M.O.; Padubidri J.R.; Pana A.; Parekh T.; Park E.-C.; Kan F.P.; Pathak M.; Peres M.F.P.; Perianayagam A.; Pham T.-M.; Piradov M.A.; Podder V.; Polinder S.; Postma M.J.; Pourshams A.; Radfar A.; Rafiei A.; Raggi A.; Rahim F.; Rahimi-Movaghar V.; Rahman M.; Rahman M.A.; Rahmani A.M.; Rajai N.; Ranasinghe P.; Rao C.R.; Rao S.J.; Rathi P.; Rawaf D.L.; Rawaf S.; Reitsma M.B.; Renjith V.; Renzaho A.M.N.; Rezapour A.; Rodriguez J.A.B.; Roever L.; Romoli M.; Rynkiewicz A.; Sacco S.; Sadeghi M.; Moghaddam S.S.; Sahebkar A.; Saif-Ur-Rahman K.M.; Salah R.; Samaei M.; Samy A.M.; Santos I.S.; Santric-Milicevic M.M.; Sarrafzadegan N.; Sathian B.; Sattin D.; Schiavolin S.; Schlaich M.P.; Schmidt M.I.; Schutte A.E.; Sepanlou S.G.; Seylani A.; Sha F.; Shahabi S.; Shaikh M.A.; Shannawaz M.; Shawon Md.S.R.; Sheikh A.; Sheikhbahaei S.; Shibuya K.; Siabani S.; Silva D.A.S.; Singh J.A.; Singh J.K.; Skryabin V.Y.; Skryabina A.A.; Sobaih B.H.; Stortecky S.; Stranges S.; Tadesse E.G.; Tarigan I.U.; Temsah M.-H.; Teuschl Y.; Thrift A.G.; Tonelli M.; Tovani-Palone M.R.; Tran B.X.; Tripathi M.; Tsegaye G.W.; Ullah A.; Unim B.; Unnikrishnan B.; Vakilian A.; Tahbaz S.V.; Vasankari T.J.; Venketasubramanian N.; Vervoort D.; Vo B.; Volovici V.; Vosoughi K.; Vu G.T.; Vu L.G.; Wafa H.A.; Waheed Y.; Wang Y.; Wijeratne T.; Winkler A.S.; Wolfe C.D.A.; Woodward M.; Wu J.H.; Hanson S.W.; Xu X.; Yadav L.; Yadollahpour A.; Jabbari S.H.Y.; Yamagishi K.; Yatsuya H.; Yonemoto N.; Yu C.; Yunusa I.; Zaman M.S.; Zaman S.B.; Zamanian M.; Zand R.; Zandifar A.; Zastrozhin M.S.; Zastrozhina A.; Zhang Y.; Zhang Z.-J.; Zhong C.; Zuniga Y.M.H.; Murray C.J.L.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/46697

Title:	Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Authors:	Feigin V.L.;Stark B.A.;Johnson C.O.;Roth G.A.;Bisignano C.;Abady G.G.;Abbasifard M.;Abbasi-Kangevari M.;Abd-Allah F.;Abedi V.;Abualhasan A.;Abu-Rmeileh N.M.E.;Abushouk A.I.;Adebayo O.M.;Agarwal G.;Agasthi P.;Ahinkorah B.O.;Ahmad S.;Ahmadi S.;Salih Y.A.;Aji B.;Akbarpour S.;Akinyemi R.O.;Al Hamad H.;Alahdab F.;Alif S.M.;Alipour V.;Aljunid S.M.;Almustanyir S.;Al-Raddadi R.M.;Salman R.A.-S.;Alvis-Guzman N.;Ancuceanu R.;Anderlini D.;Anderson J.A.;Ansar A.;Antonazzo I.C.;Arabloo J.;Arnlov J.;Artanti K.D.;Aryan Z.;Asgari S.;Ashraf T.;Athar M.;Atreya A.;Ausloos M.;Baig A.A.;Baltatu O.C.;Banach M.;Barboza M.A.;Barker-Collo S.L.;Barnighausen T.W.;Barone M.T.U.;Basu S.;Bazmandegan G.;Beghi E.;Beheshti M.;Bejot Y.;Bell A.W.;Bennett D.A.;Bensenor I.M.;Bezabhe W.M.;Bezabih Y.M.;Bhagavathula A.S.;Bhardwaj P.;Bhattacharyya K.;Bijani A.;Bikbov B.;Birhanu M.M.;Boloor A.;Bonny A.;Brauer M.;Brenner H.;Bryazka D.;Butt Z.A.;Dos Santos F.L.C.;Campos-Nonato I.R.;Cantu-Brito C.;Carrero J.J.;Castaneda-Orjuela C.A.;Catapano A.L.;Chakraborty P.A.;Charan J.;Choudhari S.G.;Chowdhury E.K.;Chu D.-T.;Chung S.-C.;Colozza D.;Costa V.M.;Costanzo S.;Criqui M.H.;Dadras O.;Dagnew B.;Dai X.;Dalal K.;Damasceno A.A.M.;D'Amico E.;Dandona L.;Dandona R.;Gela J.D.;Davletov K.;De La Cruz-Gongora V.;Desai R.;Dhamnetiya D.;Dharmaratne S.D.;Dhimal M.L.;Dhimal M.;Diaz D.;Dichgans M.;Dokova K.;Doshi R.;Douiri A.;Duncan B.B.;Eftekharzadeh S.;Ekholuenetale M.;El Nahas N.;Elgendy I.Y.;Elhadi M.;El-Jaafary S.I.;Endres M.;Endries A.Y.;Erku D.A.;Faraon E.J.A.;Farooque U.;Farzadfar F.;Feroze A.H.;Filip I.;Fischer F.;Flood D.;Gad M.M.;Gaidhane S.;Gheshlagh R.G.;Ghashghaee A.;Ghith N.;Ghozali G.;Ghozy S.;Gialluisi A.;Giampaoli S.;Gilani S.A.;Gill P.S.;Gnedovskaya E.V.;Golechha M.;Goulart A.C.;Guo Y.;Gupta R.;Gupta V.B.;Gupta V.K.;Gyanwali P.;Hafezi-Nejad N.;Hamidi S.;Hanif A.;Hankey G.J.;Hargono A.;Hashi A.;Hassan T.S.;Hassen H.Y.;Havmoeller R.J.;Hay S.I.;Hayat K.;Hegazy M.I.;Herteliu C.;Holla R.;Hostiuc S.;Househ M.;Huang J.;Humayun A.;Hwang B.-F.;Iacoviello L.;Iavicoli I.;Ibitoye S.E.;Ilesanmi O.S.;Ilic I.M.;Ilic M.D.;Iqbal U.;Irvani S.S.N.;Islam S.M.S.;Ismail N.E.;Iso H.;Isola G.;Iwagami M.;Jacob L.;Jain V.;Jang S.-I.;Jayapal S.K.;Jayaram S.;Jayawardena R.;Jeemon P.;Jha R.P.;Johnson W.D.;Jonas J.B.;Joseph N.;Jozwiak J.J.;Jurisson M.;Kalani R.;Kalhor R.;Kalkonde Y.;Kamath A.;Kamiab Z.;Kanchan T.;Kandel H.;Karch A.;Katoto P.D.M.C.;Kayode G.A.;Keshavarz P.;Khader Y.S.;Khan E.A.;Khan I.A.;Khan M.;Khan M.A.B.;Khatib M.N.;Khubchandani J.;Kim G.R.;Kim M.S.;Kim Y.J.;Kisa A.;Kisa S.;Kivimaki M.;Kolte D.;Koolivand A.;Laxminarayana S.L.K.;Koyanagi A.;Krishan K.;Krishnamoorthy V.;Krishnamurthi R.V.;Kumar G.A.;Kusuma D.;Vecchia C.L.;Lacey B.;Lak H.M.;Lallukka T.;Lasrado S.;Lavados P.M.;Leonardi M.;Li B.;Li S.;Lin H.;Lin R.-T.;Liu X.;Lo W.D.;Lorkowski S.;Lucchetti G.;Saute R.L.;Abd El Razek H.M.;Magnani F.G.;Mahajan P.B.;Majeed A.;Makki A.;Malekzadeh R.;Malik A.A.;Manafi N.;Mansournia M.A.;Mantovani L.G.;Martini S.;Mazzaglia G.;Mehndiratta M.M.;Menezes R.G.;Meretoja A.;Mersha A.G.;Jonasson J.M.;Miazgowski B.;Miazgowski T.;Michalek I.M.;Mirrakhimov E.M.;Mohammad Y.;Mohammadian-Hafshejani A.;Mohammed S.;Mokdad A.H.;Mokhayeri Y.;Molokhia M.;Moni M.A.;Al Montasir A.;Moradzadeh R.;Morawska L.;Morze J.;Muruet W.;Musa K.I.;Nagarajan A.J.;Naghavi M.;Swamy S.N.;Nascimento B.R.;Negoi R.I.;Kandel S.N.;Nguyen T.H.;Norrving B.;Noubiap J.J.;Nwatah V.E.;Oancea B.;Odukoya O.O.;Olagunju A.T.;Orru H.;Owolabi M.O.;Padubidri J.R.;Pana A.;Parekh T.;Park E.-C.;Kan F.P.;Pathak M.;Peres M.F.P.;Perianayagam A.;Pham T.-M.;Piradov M.A.;Podder V.;Polinder S.;Postma M.J.;Pourshams A.;Radfar A.;Rafiei A.;Raggi A.;Rahim F.;Rahimi-Movaghar V.;Rahman M.;Rahman M.A.;Rahmani A.M.;Rajai N.;Ranasinghe P.;Rao C.R.;Rao S.J.;Rathi P.;Rawaf D.L.;Rawaf S.;Reitsma M.B.;Renjith V.;Renzaho A.M.N.;Rezapour A.;Rodriguez J.A.B.;Roever L.;Romoli M.;Rynkiewicz A.;Sacco S.;Sadeghi M.;Moghaddam S.S.;Sahebkar A.;Saif-Ur-Rahman K.M.;Salah R.;Samaei M.;Samy A.M.;Santos I.S.;Santric-Milicevic M.M.;Sarrafzadegan N.;Sathian B.;Sattin D.;Schiavolin S.;Schlaich M.P.;Schmidt M.I.;Schutte A.E.;Sepanlou S.G.;Seylani A.;Sha F.;Shahabi S.;Shaikh M.A.;Shannawaz M.;Shawon Md.S.R.;Sheikh A.;Sheikhbahaei S.;Shibuya K.;Siabani S.;Silva D.A.S.;Singh J.A.;Singh J.K.;Skryabin V.Y.;Skryabina A.A.;Sobaih B.H.;Stortecky S.;Stranges S.;Tadesse E.G.;Tarigan I.U.;Temsah M.-H.;Teuschl Y.;Thrift A.G. ;Tonelli M.;Tovani-Palone M.R.;Tran B.X.;Tripathi M.;Tsegaye G.W.;Ullah A.;Unim B.;Unnikrishnan B.;Vakilian A.;Tahbaz S.V.;Vasankari T.J.;Venketasubramanian N.;Vervoort D.;Vo B.;Volovici V.;Vosoughi K.;Vu G.T.;Vu L.G.;Wafa H.A.;Waheed Y.;Wang Y.;Wijeratne T.;Winkler A.S.;Wolfe C.D.A.;Woodward M.;Wu J.H.;Hanson S.W.;Xu X.;Yadav L.;Yadollahpour A.;Jabbari S.H.Y.;Yamagishi K.;Yatsuya H.;Yonemoto N.;Yu C.;Yunusa I.;Zaman M.S.;Zaman S.B.;Zamanian M.;Zand R.;Zandifar A.;Zastrozhin M.S.;Zastrozhina A.;Zhang Y.;Zhang Z.-J.;Zhong C.;Zuniga Y.M.H.;Murray C.J.L.
Monash Health Department(s):	Monash University - School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health
Institution:	(Feigin, Krishnamurthi) National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Feigin, Stark, Johnson, Roth, Bisignano, Anderson, Brauer, Bryazka, Dai, Dandona, Dandona, Dharmaratne, Hay, Mokdad, Naghavi, Reitsma, Hanson, Murray) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Roth) Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Roth, Dandona, Dharmaratne, Hay, Mokdad, Naghavi, Murray) Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Feroze) Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Kalani) Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Krishnamoorthy) Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States (Gnedovskaya) Third Department of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation (Feigin, Piradov) Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation (Abady) Department of Nursing, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia (Abbasifard, Bazmandegan) Department of Internal Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abbasifard, Bazmandegan, Kamiab) Clinical Research Development Unit, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Kamiab) Family Medicine Department, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Vakilian) Department of Neurology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Vakilian) Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abbasi-Kangevari) Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ahmadi) School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Asgari) Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Abd-Allah, Abualhasan, El-Jaafary, Hegazy) Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (Abedi) Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States (Zand) Department of Neuroscience, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States (Abedi) Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States (Abu-Rmeileh) Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine (Abushouk) Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Aryan) Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Barnighausen, Yunusa) TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Basu) Center for Primary Care, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Bell) Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Elgendy) Division of Cardiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Kolte) Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Rajai) Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Sheikh) Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States (Abushouk) Department of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (El Nahas) Neurology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Samy) Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Adebayo) College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Ilesanmi) Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Owolabi) Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Agarwal) Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (Olagunju) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (Agasthi) Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States (Ahinkorah) The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Siabani) School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Ahmad) Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Kuala Langat, Malaysia (Salih) Database Technology Department, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq (Salih) College of Informatics, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq (Aji) Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia (Akbarpour) Occupational Sleep Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Aryan, Farzadfar, Moghaddam) Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Hafezi-Nejad) School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Malekzadeh, Pourshams, Sepanlou) Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Mansournia) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Rahim) Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Rahimi-Movaghar) Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Akinyemi) Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Ekholuenetale) Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Ekholuenetale) Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Ibitoye) Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Ilesanmi) Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Owolabi) Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Akinyemi) Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (Al Hamad, Sathian) Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (Al Hamad) Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (Alahdab) Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States (Alif) Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Chowdhury) Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Guo) Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Li) School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Thrift) Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Zaman) The School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Alipour, Arabloo, Ghashghaee, Rezapour) Health Management and Economics Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Alipour) Department of Health Economics, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Ghashghaee) Student Research Committee, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Manafi) School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Vosoughi) Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Kan) Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of (Aljunid) International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia (Almustanyir) College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Almustanyir) Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Al-Raddadi) Department of Community Medicine (Malik) Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Salman) Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Sheikh) Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Alvis-Guzman) Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia (Alvis-Guzman) Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia (Ancuceanu) Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (Hostiuc) Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (Negoi) Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (Anderlini) Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Anderlini) Neurology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Ansar, Rahman) School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Ansar) Special Interest Group International Health, Public Health Association of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Antonazzo) Research Center on Public Health, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Mantovani) School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Mazzaglia) Department of Medicine, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Arnlov) Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Carrero) Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Hassan) Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Arnlov) School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden (Artanti, Hargono) Department of Epidemiology, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia (Martini) Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia (Ashraf) University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan (Gilani) Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan (Hanif, Malik) University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan (Athar) Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia (Athar) Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia (Atreya) Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal (Ausloos) School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Ausloos, Herteliu, Pana) Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania (Baig) Unit of 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Behavioral... [Ovid has truncated this field to avoid Excel character limitations]
Issue Date:	21-Feb-2022
Copyright year:	2021
Publisher:	Elsevier Ltd
Place of publication:	United Kingdom
Publication information:	The Lancet Neurology. 20(10) (pp 1-26), 2021. Date of Publication: 2021.
Journal:	The Lancet Neurology
Abstract:	Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates increased by 15.0% (12.0-18.0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3.6 (3.5-3.8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3.7 (3.5-3.9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62.4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7.63 million [6.57-8.96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27.9% (3.41 million [2.97-3.91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9.7% (1.18 million [1.01-1.39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79.6 million [67.7-90.8] DALYs or 55.5% [48.2-62.0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34.9 million [22.3-48.6] DALYs or 24.3% [15.7-33.2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28.9 million [19.8-41.5] DALYs or 20.2% [13.8-29.1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28.7 million [23.4-33.4] DALYs or 20.1% [16.6-23.0]), and smoking (25.3 million [22.6-28.2] DALYs or 17.6% [16.4-19.0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
DOI:	http://monash.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422%2821%2900252-0
PubMed URL:	34487721 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=34487721]
URI:	https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/46697
Type:	Article
Subjects:	air pollution ambient air body mass brain hemorrhage/ep [Epidemiology] disability disability-adjusted life year global disease burden glucose blood level highest income group incidence ischemic stroke/ep [Epidemiology] low income country lowest income group particulate matter smoking subarachnoid hemorrhage/ep [Epidemiology] systolic blood pressure glucose/ec [Endogenous Compound]
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